美国国防工业职业安全与健康法制体系研究及启示  

Research and enlightenment of occupational safety and health legal system of United States defense industry

作　　者：赵杰超 张英香[1] 金浩 陈健 ZHAO Jie-chao;ZHANG Ying-xiang;JIN Hao;CHEN Jian(The 714 th Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶重工集团公司第七一四研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2020年第9期915-921,共7页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国防科技工业技术基础科研计划项目(JSQB2017207A013)。

摘　　要：为推进我国国防工业职业安全与健康法制体系深化改革,本文系统分析美国国防工业职业安全与健康法制体系的构建历程、宏观设计和微观建设要点。分析表明:美国在宏观设计方面强调监管权力的分散与制衡,以防滥权;在微观建设方面更加关注国防工业职业安全与健康法制体系的系统性、更新机制、监管形式及监管职责界定等要点的建设。借鉴美国经验,指出了今后我国需要重点关注的4点启示:促进监管职责明晰化,健全法规体系,完善法规制修订机制,鼓励监管形式多元化。To promote the deepening reform of the occupational safety and health(OSH)legal system of national defense industry in China,a systematic study on the United States(US)defense industry OSH legal system was conducted from three aspects:history,macro design,and micro construction considerations.In terms of macro design,the US defense industry emphasizes on the decentralization and balance of the supervision power among different OSH supervisory agencies to prevent abuses of power.In terms of micro construction,the US pay more attention to the systematization,update mechanisms,supervision approaches,and the definition of supervision responsibilities in constructing the OSH legal system of national defense industry.The US experience revealed four enlightenments for China:clarifying supervision responsibility,improving national legal system,refining regulatory developing and amending mechanisms,and encouraging diversified supervision approaches.

关 键 词：国防工业 职业安全 职业卫生 法制体系 监管 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]