柏拉图“灵魂不朽”论证背后的死亡焦虑探析——以《斐多》篇为中心  

Analysis on the Anxiety of Death behind Plato’s Argument for Immortality of the Soul:Mainly According to Phaedo

作　　者：王博医 WANG boyi(National Defence University, Institute of Politics, Department of Maxism Theory, Shanghai 201602, China)

机构地区：[1]国防大学政治学院马克思主义理论系,上海201602

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2020年第10期79-88,共10页Journal of Yibin University

摘　　要：柏拉图对待“死亡”的态度通常被认为是豁达的,这种乐观主义的生命观很大程度上来自于他对“灵魂不朽”命题的笃信。在《斐多》篇中,柏拉图分别运用辩证法、回忆学说、灵肉关系和语义学等理论,从不同侧面论证了“灵魂”的永恒性,但论证的前提——“灵魂”必须是一个在实在上存在的“精神实体”——却没有被严密证明。柏拉图选择忽略“灵魂不朽”论证中的这一重大逻辑漏洞,恰恰透露出他对于“死亡”的真实态度并非豁达,对“人的有限性”的深深恐惧和焦虑。柏拉图试图掩盖焦虑的暧昧态度使得“死亡”作为重要范畴却被西方哲学研究长期遮蔽,直至现代才开始得到应有的重视。Plato’s attitude towards death is often thought to be generous,and such optimistic outlook on life comes from earnest belief in the proposition of immortality of the soul to a great extent.In Phaedo,Plato respectively used theories of dialectics,memories,spirit body relation,and semantics to prove the eternity of the soul from different aspects.However,one trick question remains that the soul Plato proposed should be a spiritual substance that exists in reality,yet Plato chose to ignore it,which exposed the true attitude he had towards death that it was fear and anxiety but not generous.Plato’s trying to conceal his anxiety caused a severe consequence that the crucial philosophy concept death had been neglected till contemporary times.

关 键 词：斐多 灵魂不朽 死亡 精神实体 畏 

分 类 号：D502.232[政治法律—政治学]