柑橘内生燕麦镰刀菌Gds-1对柑橘青霉病的防治研究  

Citrus endophytic Fusarium avenaceum Gds-1 for the control of citrus blue mold

作　　者：郭东升 原晨虹 翟颖妍 安航 尚学勤 安德荣[1] GUO Dongsheng;YUAN Chenhong;ZHAI Yingyan;AN Hang;SHANG Xueqin;AN Derong(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农药学学报》2020年第5期782-790,共9页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：汉中烟草主要病害综合防治(2019610700270095);陕西烟草病虫害绿色防控技术研究示范与推广应用(KJ-2018-01).

摘　　要：柑橘青霉病是柑橘果实采后危害最大的病害。为得到一株可有效应用于柑橘青霉病防治的柑橘内生真菌菌株,进行了柑橘果实内生菌分离、离体与活体试验筛选、菌株形态学与多基因位点分子系统发育鉴定、菌株活体应用效果与作用特点以及菌株代谢产物稳定性与应用防效试验。结果表明:筛选所得的柑橘内生真菌Gds-1在离体与活体条件下均对柑橘青霉菌有较好的抑制效果;经多基因位点联合系统发育分析,将Gds-1鉴定为燕麦镰刀菌Fusarium avenaceum;提前48 h施用Gds-1菌体,对柑橘青霉病的预防效果最好(防治效果为90.67%);Gds-1菌丝不会损害健康柑橘果实表皮,但可以在柑橘果实表皮伤口和被柑橘青霉菌感染的组织部位发挥作用,从而抑制柑橘青霉菌;当温度在-80~100℃和pH=5~10时,Gds-1无菌发酵液对柑橘青霉菌的拮抗作用高效稳定;单独施用Gds-1无菌发酵滤液28 d和56 d时,对柑橘青霉病的防效与100μg/mL的抑霉唑相当,显著高于清水对照。本研究首次报道了生防镰刀菌F.avenaceum Gds-1对柑橘青霉病的防治作用,为柑橘果实采后生物源防腐剂的选择提供了新来源,为镰刀菌生物防治机理研究提供了新思路。Citrus blue mold(CBM)caused by Penicillium italicum is the most harmful postharvest disease of citrus fruits.In order to obtain an effective citrus endophytic fungus strain which can be used for the control of citrus blue mold,series of experiments were conducted including the isolation of endophytes from citrus fruits,in vitro and in vivo screening of the effective endophytic fungus,identification of the endophytic fungus through morphology and multilocus phylogenetic analysis,control efficacy and functional characteristics of target strain against CBM,and the stability and control efficacy of metabolites from the target strain.The results showed that citrus endophytic fungus Gds-1 had the priority in P.italicum suppressive efficacy both in vivo and in vitro and it was identified as Fusarium avenaceum by multilocus phylogenetic analysis.Application of Gds-1 mycelium had a good preventive effect against P.italicum,with the best efficacy in Pre-48 h application(90.67%).F.avenaceum Gds-1 could not damage the intact citrus epidermis,but it could expand and suppress P.italicum in the wound or infected tissues of citrus epidermis.Gds-1 culture filtrates could with stand extreme temperature(-80℃-100℃)and unpleasant acid-base changes(pH=5-10),which had an effective and stable antagonistic effect against P.italicum.At 28 d and 56 d,the control efficacy of Gds-1 culture filtrates against P.italicum was comparable to that of 100μg/mL imazalil,which was significantly higher than that of the water control.This study is the first report of the control efficacy of F.avenaceum Gds-1 against CBM by itself or producing antagonistic biomolecules which provides an effective new source of citrus biogenic preservatives after harvest,and a new sight on biocontrol mechanism of biocontrol Fusarium.

关 键 词：柑橘内生真菌 燕麦镰刀菌 柑橘青霉病 生物防治 微生物源农药 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学] Q939.9[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]