肿瘤干细胞的代谢  

Metabolism of Cancer Stem Cells

作　　者：邢正操 樊秋菊 吴宏梅 XING Zheng-Cao;FAN Qiu-Ju;WU Hong-Mei(Department of Cell Biology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710062,China;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院细胞生物学系,西安710062 [2]上海交通大学医学院生物化学与分子细胞生物学系,上海200025

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2020年第9期1041-1047,共7页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：上海市卫生和计划生育委员会青年课题(No.20174Y0092)资助。

摘　　要：肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cells, CSCs)又称为肿瘤起始细胞(tumor initiating cells, TICs),是一类具有干细胞样特性的细胞群,能够起始肿瘤发生并具有自我更新和分化能力,是导致肿瘤异质性的主要原因之一,且呈现高度的化疗不敏感性和化疗耐药性,对于肿瘤的发生发展以及肿瘤复发至关重要。近年来,肿瘤代谢在肿瘤发生发展中的重要地位日益凸显,虽然分化的肿瘤细胞与肿瘤干细胞都呈现出适应性的代谢重编程(metabolic reprogramming),但是目前观点认为,肿瘤干细胞的代谢特征具有其特异性,从而满足其生存需求,并维持其干性和自我更新。关于肿瘤干细胞的特异性代谢特征至今并未达成共识。一些研究发现,肿瘤干细胞主要依赖有氧糖酵解供能。但也有研究指出,线粒体代谢是其主要能量来源。肿瘤干细胞似乎表现出更好的代谢适应性,能够转变其代谢偏好以更好的适应其生存环境的改变。关注肿瘤干细胞代谢异常和通路的改变,将有望为肿瘤治疗寻找代谢弱点(vulnerability)和作用靶标。基于现有的肿瘤干细胞相关研究,本文综述了有关肿瘤干细胞鉴别和分离培养的方法,着重介绍了肿瘤干细胞的糖代谢、脂肪酸代谢和氨基酸代谢特征,也讨论了肿瘤微环境对肿瘤干细胞代谢的影响,强调了靶向肿瘤干细胞代谢结合化疗药物的治疗策略,从而有助于临床寻找更为有效的肿瘤治疗手段。Cancer stem cells(CSCs),also called tumor initiating cells(TICs),are cell populations harboring stem cell-like properties of initiating tumorigenesis as well as self-renewal.They are essential for tumorigenesis,tumor progression,and recurrence,which are highly resistant to chemotherapy.Cancer stem cells are one of the main causes of tumor heterogeneity.Tumor metabolism is emerged play an important role in tumorigenesis and progression.Although both differentiated tumor bulk cells and cancer stem cells show adaptive metabolic reprogramming,the metabolic characteristics of cancer stem cells are now considered specific to meet their survival demands and to maintain their stemness.To date,consensus has not yet been reached on the metabolic characteristics on cancer stem cells.Some studies have shown that cancer stem cells mainly rely on aerobic glycolysis for energy supply whereas some studies have pointed out that mitochondrial metabolism is their main source of energy,either.In addition,cancer stem cells can change their metabolic preference to better adaptation to tumor microenvironment.To explore the specific metabolic pathways in cancer stem cells may lay the foundation for tumor therapy.Here we review the identification and isolation methods of cancer stem cells,especially focus on the metabolic pathways,including glucose,fatty acid and amino acid metabolism,in cancer stem cells.We also discuss the influence of microenvironment on cancer stem cell metabolism,and emphasize the therapeutic strategies that target cancer stem cell metabolism combined with chemotherapeutic drugs,which might help to find more efficient means of tumor treatment in the clinic.

关 键 词：肿瘤干细胞 干性 代谢 微环境 肿瘤治疗 

分 类 号：Q291[生物学—细胞生物学]