中国社会保障缓解妇女贫困的经验与挑战  

Success Gained and Challenges Facing China’s Social Security in Relieving Women’s Poverty

作　　者：黄桂霞[1] HUANG Gui-xia(Women’s Studies Institute of China, Beijing 100730, China)

机构地区：[1]中华全国妇女联合会妇女研究所妇女理论研究室,北京100730

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2020年第6期63-71,共9页Journal of Shandong Women＇s University

摘　　要：通过社会保障制度发展和实践探索,可分析和探讨社会保障对妇女脱贫、减贫的作用。21世纪以来,以居民身份为基础的城乡居民养老保障、城乡居民医疗保障制度的建立与普及,最低生活保障制度、高龄养老津贴等救助型、福利型保障的建立,减少了因病致贫、因病返贫、老年贫困,很大程度上缓解了妇女贫困。部分地区试点的社区老年照料、托幼服务模式探索,成功地将妇女就业与养老、托幼结合起来,不仅通过就近就业帮助有家庭照料负担的中年妇女脱贫,也满足了部分家庭的托幼服务需求、老年照顾需求。但是,财政不足导致保障水平低,不能满足人们的需求,试点地区的成功经验是否能全面推广,都需要及时进行总结,并提出相应对策建议,以更好地促进妇女发展。This article analyzes and discusses the role of social security in poverty relief and poverty reduction for women through exploring the development and practice of social security system.Since the new century,the establishment of pension insurance and medical insurance system for urban and rural residents based on the status of residents,the assistance and welfare securities such as minimum living security system and old-age pension,have reduced poverty due to illness,and poverty in old age,and have greatly eased poverty of women.Pilot community elder care and child care service models in some areas have successfully combined women’s employment with old-age care and child care.This not only helps middle-aged women with family care burdens to get out of poverty through nearby employment,but also meets the needs of child care and elderly care for some families.However,the low security level because of insufficient financial resources cannot meet people’s needs,and whether the success in the pilot areas can be fully promoted should be discussed in time.Corresponding countermeasures and suggestions should be put forward to promote women’s development.

关 键 词：社会保障 妇女贫困 妇女发展 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]