冰草属典型二倍体物种及其种间杂种F2代核型分析  

Karyotype analysis of the typical diploid species and their interspecific hybrid F2 in Agropyron Gaertn.

作　　者：左学丽 李旭青 杨海宁 杨燕萍 魏莱 曾丽倩 车永和 ZUO Xueli;LI Xuqing;YANG Haining;YANG Yanping;WEI Lai;ZENG Liqian;CHE Yonghe(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Heibei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology(in Preparatioh),Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,Qinghuangdao 066600,China;Huzhu Beishan Forest Farm,Haidong 810500,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院/河北省作物逆境生物学重点实验室(筹),河北秦皇岛066000 [2]青海省互助北山林场,青海海东810500

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2020年第5期34-39,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31471493);河北省重点研发计划项目(19226350D)。

摘　　要：冰草属(Agropyron)植物是小麦遗传改良的重要三级基因源,也是具有重要经济价值的牧草作物。为了更好地对冰草属植物种质进行鉴定和利用,本研究对冰草属2个典型二倍体物种蒙古冰草(A.mongolicum Keng)和冰草(A.cristatumL.)及其种间杂种F2代材料进行了核型分析。结果表明:研究采用的5个材料均为二倍体,染色体数目均为14条。父本冰草Z1842核型公式为2n=2x=10m+4sm,母本蒙古冰草Z2098为2n=2x=8m+6sm,杂种F2-19为2n=2x=14m,杂种F2-69为2n=2x=14sm,杂种F2-94为2n=2x=6m+8sm。冰草和蒙古冰草及其杂种F2-19的核不对称系数分别为61.70%、62.10%和59.27%,均为"1A"型。杂种F2-69与F2-94的核不对称系数分别为64.90%和64.51%,均为"2A"型。通过研究发现冰草属2个典型二倍体物种冰草和蒙古冰草及其种间杂种后代材料核型均属于基本对称类型,但在染色体构成上存在着丰富的多态性。研究对冰草属植物的遗传多样性和系统演化及小麦等相关植物育种提供了一定的理论依据。The genus of Agropyron Gaertn.has been used as a valuable wheat tertiary gene pool for the wheat improvement,playing an important role in forage production.In order to provide theoretical basis for the identification and utilization of the Agropyron germplasm,the karyotype of two typical diploid A.mongolicum Keng and A.cristatum and their interspecific hybrid F2 was conducted.The results showed that all of the five study materials were diploid with chromosome number of 14.The chromosome formula of male A.cristatum Z1842 was 2 n=2 x=10 m+4 sm,the female A.mongolicum Z2098 was 2 n=2 x=8 m+6 sm,the hybrid F2-19 was 2 n=2 x=14 m;the hybrid F2-69 was 2 n=2 x=14 sm,and the hybrid F2-94 was 2 n=2 x=6 m+8 sm.The nuclear asymmetry coefficients of Z1842,Z2098 and F2-19 were 61.70%,62.10%and 59.27%,respectively,all of which were"1 A"type.The nuclear asymmetry coefficients of F2-69 and F2-94 were 64.90%and 64.51%respectively,all of which were"2 A"type.The research found that the two typical diploid species A.cristatum,A.mongolicum and their interspecific hybrid progeny materials had the similar chromosomes,and the karyotypes of all of them were basic symmetrical types.However,the chromosome composition of Agropyron spp.showed rich diversity.The research provides the theoretical basis for genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of Agropyron Gaertn.,and also for the improvement of wheat and some related plants.

关 键 词：冰草属 种间杂种 核型分析 多态性 

分 类 号：S512.9[农业科学—作物学]