氮磷钾配施对坝上退化草地生产力及群落特征的影响  

Effects of NPK application on degraded grassland productivity and community structure on Bashang plateau

作　　者：陈奇乐 李智 李瑾璞 张美丽 张利[1] 王树涛[1] CHEN Qile;LI Zhi;LI Jinpu;ZHANG Meili;ZHANG Li;WANG Shutao(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/College of Land and Resources,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/国土资源学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2020年第5期62-67,79,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(18227511D)。

摘　　要：以张北坝上典型羊草(Leymus chinensis)退化草地为研究对象,采用"3414"正交试验设计,设置氮磷钾3因素4水平的施肥试验,研究施肥梯度与施肥类型对坝上草地生产力、群落特征、物种丰富度与多样性的影响。结果表明:氮、磷、钾3种肥料对草地地上生物量的影响由大到小依次为氮肥、磷肥、钾肥,随施肥量的增加草地生物量均呈现先增后减的趋势,氮磷钾肥施用量均为中等水平(N2P2K2)时草地地上生物量达到最佳为289.43 g/m2;氮、磷肥可显著提高草地植被密度,而钾肥对植被密度影响不显著,施肥处理N2P2K2草地草群密度达到最高为748.67株/m2;氮肥同样促进草地植被盖度增大,而磷、钾肥对植被盖度影响不显著,施肥处理N3P2K2草地盖度达到最高为80.00%;随氮磷钾配施量的增加草地植被多样性Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数均有所降低,而物种丰富度指数变化不明显。In this research,the typical Leymus chinensis degraded grassland in Zhangbei Basin was taken as the research object,and the"3414"orthogonal test design was adopted.A three-factor and four-level fertilization experiment of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was set up to study the impact of fertilization gradient and the type of fertilization on the grassland productivity,community structure,species richness and diversity on the Bashang plateau.The results showed that the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers on grassland aboveground biomass were nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer,and potassium fertilizer in descending order.With the increase of fertilizer application,the grassland biomass showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.When they were all at the medium level(N2 P2 K2),the above-ground biomass of the grassland reaches the best at 289.43 g/m2.Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers can significantly increase the grassland vegetation density,while potassium fertilizer has no significant effect on the vegetation density,and the grassland density with N2 P2 K2 fertilization reached the highest of 748.67 plants/m2.Nitrogen fertilizer also promotes the increase of grassland vegetation coverage,while phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have no significant effect on vegetation coverage.The grassland coverage of N3 P2 K2 fertilizer treatment reached a maximum of 80.00%.With the combination of N,P and K,the Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index,and Pielou index of grassland vegetation diversity all decreased,while the species richness index did not change significantly.

关 键 词：坝上高原 退化草地 施肥试验 生物量 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S822[农业科学—畜牧学]