深松防堵分层施肥铲优化设计与试验  

Optimization design and experiment of subsoiling and anti-blocking layered fertilizer shovel

作　　者：石金杉 齐浩凯 孙富才 赵建国[1] 赵晓顺[1] 马志凯[1] 李建昌[1] 郝建军[1] 马跃进[1] SHI Jinshan;QI Haokai;SUN Fucai;ZHAO Jianguo;ZHAO Xiaoshun;MA Zhikai;LI Jianchang;HAO Jianjun;MA Yuejin(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学机电工程学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2020年第5期96-102,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200607)。

摘　　要：为了实现1次施肥满足小麦玉米不同生育期的养分需求、提高肥料利用率、防止肥料堵塞,设计了1种具有疏肥机构的分层施肥铲。对施肥装置倾角γ、施肥片长度L和疏肥机构往返频率f进行了仿真分析,优化了分层施肥铲结构,并进行了室内及田间试验。结果表明,当施肥装置安装角度γ为30°,中层施肥片长度L1为14 mm、下层施肥片长度L2为29 mm、疏肥机构往返频率f为1 Hz时,上、中、下、底层施肥量之比为23.3∶23.8∶31.2∶21.7,施肥比例分布满足作物生长需求。与仿真试验相比,室内台架试验相对误差在5%以内,变异系数在10%以内,田间试验变异系数在9%以内。In order to satisfy the nutrient demand of wheat and maize,increase fertilizer utilization rate during different growth stages,prevent fertilizer blocking,subsoiling and anti-blocking layered fertilizing shovel with fertilizer distributor was designed.The simulation analysis was made on the inclination angle of fertilizing deviceγ,the length of fertilizing tablets L and the vibration frequency f of fertilizer distributor.The structure of layered fertilizing shovel was optimized,and laboratory and field experiments were carried out.The results of simulation experiments show that when installation angleγof the fertilizer device is 30°,the working length of the middle layer fertilizing tablets L1 is 14 mm,and that of the lower layer fertilizing tablets L2 is 29 mm and the vibration frequency f is 1 Hz,the proportion of fertilization in the upper,middle,lower and bottom layers is 23.3∶23.8∶31.2∶21.7 respectively.The distribution of fertilizer proportion can meet the needs of crop growth.Compared with the simulation experiments,the relative error of laboratory test is less than 5%,and the coefficient of variation is less than 10%.The coefficient of variation of field test is less than 9%.

关 键 词：深松 疏肥机构 分层施肥铲 离散元 田间试验 

分 类 号：S222.129[农业科学—农业机械化工程]