极端气候与岩溶塌陷  

Extreme climate and sinkhole

作　　者：戴建玲[1] 雷明堂[1] 蒋小珍[1] 罗伟权[1] DAI Jianling;LEI Mingtang;JIANG Xiaozhen;LUO Weiquan(Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR&GZAR,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国矿业》2020年第S02期402-404,共3页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目“渝中湘南岩溶塌陷区综合地质调查”资助(编号:DD20190266)。

摘　　要：近年来,极端气候事件特别是极端干旱和强降雨事件呈现不断增多增强的趋势,已成为岩溶区诱发大型岩溶塌陷的重要因素。通过对典型极端气候事件诱发岩溶塌陷的分析,岩溶塌陷动力条件对极端气候响应迅速,极端气候导致地表径流灌入式补给岩溶含水层,使下伏地下河系统径流速度、水气压力发生急剧变化,进而导致溶洞及充填物发生突发性失稳破坏,产生水击(气爆)、地震等效应,最后导致溶洞顶板发生大规模垮塌、地面塌陷产生。In recent years,extreme climate events,especially extreme drought and heavy rainfall events,have become an important factor to induce large-scale sinkholes in karst areas.According to the analysis of sinkholes induced by typical extreme climate events,the dynamic conditions of karst collapse respond rapidly to extreme climate.Extreme climate leads to the recharge of karst aquifer by surface runoff,which makes the runoff velocity and water gas pressure of the underlying underground river system change rapidly,which leads to sudden instability of karst cave and filling materials,water hammer(gas explosion),earthquake and other effects,and finally leads to large-scale collapse of cave roof and ground collapse.

关 键 词：岩溶塌陷 极端气候 地下河 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]