“旋转式”与“背滑式”加速蓄力阶段人-球系统运行速度对比分析——以我国2名优秀男子铅球运动员为例  

Comparative analysis of the speed of“man-shot”system by"rotary"and"back-sliding"throw in acceleration phase:Taking two elite male shot putters in China as an example

作　　者：张庆来 魏永敬[2] ZHANG Qinglai;WEI Yongjing(College of P.E., Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, China;Shijiazhuang Institute of Tednology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学体育学院,河南郑州450044 [2]石家庄理工职业学院,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2020年第4期82-87,共6页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：2020年度河南省科技攻关项目(202102310319)。

摘　　要：研究目的:通过对旋转式和背向滑步式两种典型铅球投掷技术加速蓄力阶段“人-球”系统的运行速度进行对比分析,探讨两种投掷技术对铅球预加速能力的不同影响,为铅球项目的教学、训练提供理论依据。研究方法:采用美国APAS运动录像分析系统,对采用“旋转式”和“背滑式”的2名优秀男子铅球运动员的比赛录像进行三维运动学解析。研究结果:1)旋1“人-球”平均速度差(0.89±0.73)m/s低于旋2的(0.98±0.81)m/s,两者差异性无显著统计学意义(P=0.752,P>0.05);背1平均“人-球”速度差为(0.28±0.20)m/s低于背2(0.38±0.10)m/s,两者差异性无显著统计学意义(P=0.204,P>0.05)。2)背1平均球速(2.30±0.22)m/s大于旋1平均球速(1.24±0.41)m/s;背2平均球速(2.52±0.18)m/s大于旋2平均球速(1.09±0.46)m/s,两者差异性均具有非常显著统计学意义(P=0.000,P<0.01)。3)“旋1”重心平均速度(2.13±0.49)m/s大于“背1”重心平均速度(2.01±0.31)m/s,但两者差异性无显著统计学意义(P=0.518,P>0.05)。“旋2”重心平均速度(2.07±0.47)m/s小于“背2”重心平均速度(2.14±0.15)m/s,两者差异性无显著统计学意义(P=0.671,P>0.05)。4)背1平均“人-球”速度差为(0.28±0.20)m/s低于旋1(0.89±0.73)m/s,且两者差异性具有显著统计学意义(P=0.024,P<0.05);背2平均“人-球”速度差为(0.38±0.10)m/s低于旋2(0.98±0.81)m/s,且两者差异性具有显著统计学意义(P=0.039,P<0.05)。研究结论:“背滑式”投掷技术比“旋转式”投掷技术在加速蓄力阶段对提升铅球运行速度更为及时和稳定,但随着旋转动作完成进入过渡阶段,“旋转式”技术的人-球系统的运行更稳固,铅球出手的增速能力更强。Objective:Through the comparison and analysis of the running speed of"man-shot"system in the acceleration and retention stage of two typical shot put throwing techniques,the paper discusses the different effects of the two throwing techniques on the pre-acceleration ability of shot put,and provides theoretical guidance for the teaching and training of shot put.Methods:the American APAS sports video analysis system was used to analyze the 3d kinematics of the game video of two excellent male shot-putter who adopted"rotary"and"backslide".The results were as follows:1)The average speed difference of"man-shot"(0.89±0.73)m/s was lower than that of(0.98±0.81)m/s(P=0.752,P>0.05).The average"man-shot"velocity difference of back-1 was(0.28±0.20)m/s,which was lower than back-2(0.38±0.10)m/s.The difference between the two was not statistically significant(P=0.204,P>0.05).2)The average ball speed of back 1(2.30±022)m/s is greater than that of back 1(1.24±0.41)m/s.The average ball speed of back 2(2.52±0.18)m/s was greater than that of back 2(1.09±0.46)m/s,and the difference between the two was statistically significant(P=0.000,P<0.01).3)average velocity of center of gravity of"rotation 1"(2.13±0.49)m/s was greater than the average barycentric velocity of"back 1"(2.01±0.31)m/s,but the difference between the two was not statistically significant(P=0.518,P>0.05).The average barycentric velocity of"rotation 2"(2.07±0.47)m/s was lower than that of"back 2"(2.14±0.15)m/s,and the difference between the two was not statistically significant(P=0.671,P>0.05).4)The average"man-shot"velocity difference was(0.28±0.20)m/s lower than the rotation(0.89±0.73)m/s,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.024,P<0.05).The average"man-shot"velocity difference between back 2 was(0.38±0.10)m/s,lower than that between back 2(0.98±0.81)m/s,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.039,P<0.05).Conclusion:"Back-sliding"throwing technique is more timely and stable than"rotary"throwing technique to improve the speed o

关 键 词：旋转式 背滑式 人-球系统 加速蓄力 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学] G824.1[文化科学—体育学]