4个品种板栗开花习性与花粉离体萌发研究  

Studies on Flowering Habits and Pollen Germination in vitro of Four Varieties of Castanea mollissima

作　　者：覃腾 潘晓芳[1] Qin Teng;Pan Xiaofang(Forestry College of Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学林学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《广西林业科学》2020年第3期311-317,共7页Guangxi Forestry Science

基　　金：广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目(桂科AA17204058-7,桂科AA17204058-12)。

摘　　要：通过对广西隆安县九家种、封开2号、处暑红和双季板栗4个品种板栗(Castanea mollissima)进行定株观察,研究其在当地立地条件下的开花习性,并在盛花期采集花粉,用固体培养基离体培养法研究13种培养基对4个品种板栗花粉萌发的影响。结果表明,九家种和处暑红为雌先型雌雄花期不遇;封开2号和双季板栗为雌雄同放型雌雄相遇;封开2号的雄花期与九家种、处暑红和双季板栗的雌花期相遇;双季板栗的雄花期与九家种和处暑红的雌花期相遇。各品种的雄花花期为15~22天,雌花花期为14~15天。混合花枝率为双季板栗(77.8%)>处暑红(72.2%)>九家种(69.4%)>封开2号(47.2%);雌花序数量为双季板栗(1.7个/枝)>处暑红(1.3个/枝)>九家种(1.2个/枝)>封开2号(0.8个/枝);雄花序数量为封开2号(13.7个/枝)>双季板栗(9.3个/枝)>处暑红(8.8个/枝)>九家种(5.9个/枝);九家种、处暑红和双季板栗均表现出丰产的生物学基础。在13种不同培养基中,封开2号、九家种、双季板栗和处暑红的平均萌发率分别为15.49%、11.77%、7.02%和3.73%;不同培养基对花粉萌发产生影响,低浓度的H3BO3、CaCl2和适量的ZnSO4促进4个品种板栗的花粉萌发。从供粉情况和花粉萌发率来看,封开2号和双季板栗可自供花粉,并可作为处暑红和九家种的授粉树。By observing four varieties of Castanea mollissima including Jiujiazhong,Fengkai No.2,Shuanji and Chushuhong in Long′an county of Guangxi,their flowering habits under local site conditions were studied and influences of 13 kinds of culture mediums on pollen germination of four varieties were studied by solid medium in vitro culture method,which were compounded by collecting pollen during flowering period.Results showed that male and female flowers of Jiujiazhong and Chushuhong did not meet each other in florescence,and female was in advance;female and male flowers of Fengkai No.2 and Shuanji met each other in florescence and opened at the same time.Florescence of male flower of Fengkai No.2 met with florescence of female flower of Jiujiazhong,Chushuhong and Shuanji.Florescence of male flower of Shuanji met with florescence of female flower of Jiujiazhong and Chushuhong.Florescence of male flowers and female flowers were from 15 to 22 days and from 14 to 15 days,respectively.Ratio of mixed flowering branches was Shuanji(77.8%)>Chushuhong(72.2%)>Jiujiazhong(69.4%)>Fengkai No.2(47.2%).The number of female inflorescence was Shuanji(1.7 per branch)>Chushuhong(1.3 per branch)>Jiujiazhong(1.2 per branch)>Fengkai No.2(0.8 per branch).The number of male inflorescence was Fengkai No.2(13.7 per branch)>Shuanji(9.3 per branch)>Chushuhong(8.8 per branch)>Jiujiazhong(5.9 per branch).Jiujiazhong,Chushuhong and Shuanji all exhibited biological basis of high yield.Average germination rates of Fengkai No.2,Jiujiazhong,Shuanji and Chushuhong were 15.49%,11.77%,7.02%and 3.73%in 13 culture mediums,respectively.Different mediums had effect on pollen germination.Low concentration of H3BO3,CaCl2 and appropriate amount of ZnSO4 could accelerate pollen germination of four varieties of C.mollissima.From aspects of pollination and pollen germination rate,Fengkai No.2 and Shuanji could self-supply pollen and could be used as pollination trees for Chushuhong and Jiujiazhong.

关 键 词：授粉树配置 培养基 板栗 开花习性 萌发率 

分 类 号：S664.2[农业科学—果树学]