我国对虾产业竞争力分析  

Analysis on the competitiveness of shrimp industry

作　　者：孙松 孙琛[1] 车斌[1] SUN Song;SUN Chen;CHE Bin(College of Economics&Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学经济管理学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国渔业经济》2020年第5期56-66,共11页Chinese Fisheries Economics

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-48)

摘　　要：我国是世界上最大的对虾产品生产国和主要贸易国,因此对我国对虾产业竞争力现状进行客观评价,对推动对虾产业可持续发展具有重要意义。通过迈克尔·波特的“钻石模型”,对影响对虾产业竞争力各个因素进行分析,得出我国对虾产业在生产要素方面资源禀赋优势明显;在需求要素方面,对虾产品消费习惯逐渐养成,消费量日益增长;在机遇和政府政策方面,随着“一带一路”和“乡村振兴”战略的实施,对虾产业将建立健全绿色养殖的制度体系;在关联产业和市场结构与竞争方面,存在种苗“散、乱、弱”、质量安全意识与品牌意识薄弱、加工品技术含量低、产业组织化程度低等问题。提出政府和企业应在以下方面努力:加强虾苗良种选育体系建设,提高虾苗产业技术含量;推行认证制度,提升对虾产品质量安全与品牌意识;提高对虾加工品技术含量,开发多样化产品,开拓多元化市场;发展行业协会,提高对虾产业组织化程度。China is the world's largest producer of shrimp products and a major trading country.Therefore,objective evaluation of the status quo of China's shrimp industry competitiveness is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of the shrimp industry.Based on the Michael Porter diamond Model,the factors affecting the competitiveness of the shrimp industry are analyzed.It is concluded that the resource endowment advantage of the shrimp industry in China is obvious;in terms of demand factors,the consumption habits of shrimp products are gradually developed and consumed.In terms of opportunities and government policies,with the implementation of the One Belt One Road and the rural revitalization strategy,the shrimp industry will establish a sound green farming system;in the related industries and market structure and competition,there will be seedlings."Dispersion,chaos,weak",quality and safety awareness and brand awareness are weak,the technical content of processed products is low,and the degree of industrial organization is low.It is proposed that the government and enterprises should make efforts in the following areas:strengthen the construction of improved breeding system for shrimps,improve the technical content of shrimp industry;implement certification system to improve the quality and safety of shrimp products and brand awareness;improve the technical content of processed shrimp products and develop diversified products and open up diversified markets s;develop industry associations to improve the organization of the shrimp industry.

关 键 词：对虾产业 钻石模型 竞争力 产业组织化 产业升级 

分 类 号：F426.401[经济管理—产业经济]