疫情应对中行政规范性文件审查研究  

Review of the Administrative Regulatory Documents during Epidemic Response

作　　者：关保英 Guan Baoying

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院法律学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2020年第6期77-89,共13页Oriental Law

基　　金：2017年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“新时期改革与法治关系实证研究”(项目批准号:17JZD004);“上海市高原学科(行政法)”“中央财政支持地方高校建设专项(行政法)”项目的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：疫情防控中我国各地政府都制定行政规范性文件对相关问题进行规制,因为它相较其他行政立法,具有极速跟进、具体应对、针对性处置和及时纠错等优势。然而,诸多行政主体制定的应对疫情的行政规范性文件存在不少乱象,如制定主体及行政万能、规避法定程序、创造制裁种类、乱设义务与责任等,导致行政规范性文件制定中上位法缺失、行政规范性文件相互之间冲突、滥设权力、限缩公民权利、加重公民义务等。为此,有必要对疫情应对期间行政规范性文件进行审查,包括疫情应对力度的审查、拓展疫情处置刚性权力的审查、因疫情限缩公民权利的审查、臆造疫情应对“奇葩条款”的审查以及契合疫情应对上位法精神的审查。In the recent epidemic prevention and control,governments at each level have formulated administrative regulatory documents to regulate relevant issues.Compared with other administrative legislation,administrative regulatory document has advantages of rapid follow-up,specific response,targeted handling,and timely error correction.However,there are no lack of collisions in administrative regulatory documents formulated by administrative entities to handle the epidemic,such as formulating subjects and administrative omnipotence,evading legal procedures,creating sanction types,creating obligations and responsibilities indiscriminately,etc.This leads to serious legal violations such as the lack of upper-level law in the formulation of administrative regulatory documents,the conflicts between administrative regulatory documents,the abuse of power,the restriction of civil rights,and the aggravation of civil obligations.Thus,it is necessary to review the administrative regulatory documents during the epidemic response,including the review of the intensity of the epidemic response,the review of the expansion of rigid powers to deal with the epidemic matters,the review of restrictions against civil law rights due to the epidemic,the review of the contrived provisions for epidemic response,and the review in line with the spirit of the upper-level law in epidemic response.

关 键 词：疫情应对 行政规范性文件 行政法原则 法律审查 公民权利 国家权力 

分 类 号：DF3[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]