生物有机肥对连作压砂田土壤肥力及西瓜品质的影响  

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on soil fertility and watermelon quality in continuous cropping sand pressing field

作　　者：李停锋 李雯 郭君钰 刘艳薇 顾欣[1] LI Ting-feng;LI Wen;GUO Jun-yu;LIU Yan-wei;GU Xin(School of Agronomy Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第5期109-116,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41761054);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2018BBF02019,2018BBF02004);宁夏自治区科技惠民项目(2019CMG03013)。

摘　　要：为解决宁夏连作压砂西瓜田土壤肥力和果实品质下降的问题,通过施用生物有机肥改土培肥,提高压砂西瓜产量和品质。本试验以"金城5号"为试验材料,通过田间小区试验研究了生物有机肥不同施用量对土壤肥力及压砂西瓜品质、产量的影响。结果表明,施用生物有机肥3 750 kg·hm^2处理0~20 cm土壤pH值为8.39,较CK处理降低1.76%;全盐含量为2.34 g·kg^-1,较CK处理降低26.18%,0~20 cm土壤有机质含量较CK处理提高12.99%;碱解氮含量较CK处理提高56.06%;有效磷含量较CK处理提高71.63%;速效钾含量较CK处理提高28.78%,0~20 cm土壤全氮含量较CK处理提高176.84%;全磷含量较CK处理提高92.53%。随着土壤理化性质的改善,土壤酶活性也呈现升高趋势,说明两者存在相关性。施用生物有机肥3 750 kg·hm^2处理下西瓜果实品质提高,可溶性固形物含量达到14.69%,较CK处理升高22.62%;有机酸含量为0.051%,较CK处理降低41.38%;维生素C含量达到12.74mg·kg^-1。通过比较,生物有机肥3 750 kg·hm^2为最佳施用量,施用生物有机肥可改善压砂西瓜连作土壤的肥力水平,有效提高土壤酶活性、压砂西瓜产量及品质,有利于宁夏压砂西瓜产业的可持续发展。In order to solve the problem of soil fertility deterioration and fruit quality decline in Ningxia sand watermelon,the effects of different quantity of bio-organic fertilize on quality and yield of watermelon were studied in field plot experiment using“Jincheng No.5”as the experimental material.The results showed that when 3750 kg·hm-2 bio-organic fertilizer was applied,the soil pH was 8.39,the total salt content was 2.34 g·kg^-1,which decreased 1.76%and 26.18%,respectively,compared to CK in 0~20 cm soil layer.The distribution range of organic matter increased by 12.99%,the content of alkali nitrogen increased by 56.06%,the content of available phosphorus increased 71.63%and the available potassium increased 28.78%compared with CK.The total nitrogen content of 0~20 cm soil layer increased by 176.84%and the total phosphorus content increased by 92.53%compared with CK.With the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activity also showed increasing trend.The soluble solid content reached 14.69%,which increased by 22.62%than CK.The organic acid content was 0.051%and decreased by 41.38%compared with CK.The vitamin C content reached 12.74 mg·kg^-1.The best application rate of bio-organic fertilizer was 3750 kg·hm^-2,which could decrease the continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon,and increase the activity of soil enzyme,yield and quality of sand watermelon,meanwhile accelerate the sustainable development of sand watermelon industry in Ningxia.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 压砂西瓜 土壤肥力 西瓜品质 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S651[农业科学—农业基础科学]