有机肥替代化肥对土壤养分动态及甜玉米生产的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer substitution on soil nutrients dynamics and production of sweet corn

作　　者：王琛 林启美 赵小蓉 李贵桐 WANG Chen;LIN Qi-mei;ZHAO Xiao-rong;LI Gui-tong(College of Land and Technology,China Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(North China),Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,农业农村部华北耕地保育实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第5期132-140,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B03)。

摘　　要：有机肥替代化肥在甜玉米生产中是一项重要举措,明确其对土壤养分供应和甜玉米产量与品质的影响具有重要意义,本研究旨在通过田间试验为甜玉米生产中实施有机肥替代化肥行动提供实验依据。试验共设4个处理,分别为①100%化肥(代号N10)、②70%化肥N+30%有机肥N(代号N7)、③40%化肥N+60%有机肥N(代号N4)和④100%有机肥N(代号N0),测定指标包括2次表层土壤养分(无机N、有效P、速效K、土壤微生物量C、N)、植株生长状况(株高、叶绿素值、干物质量)和收获期甜玉米产量与品质指标,分析讨论有机肥替代对土壤N素供应、甜玉米产量和品质及甜玉米茎叶作为青储饲料的影响,得到以下结果:(1)在大喇叭口期,60%~100%有机肥替代显著降低表层土壤无机N的供应水平,提高土壤微生物量C、N水平和旗叶N含量;(2)在收获期,60%~100%有机肥替代显著提高土壤微生物量C和C/N,显著提高旗叶叶绿素和N含量及整株N含量;(3)有机肥替代对甜玉米果穗产量有所影响,但对果穗品质无显著影响;(4)60%有机肥替代显著提高甜玉米植株的N含量,其茎叶品质符合青储饲料的质量要求。对于生长期短、N素需求强度大的甜玉米而言,有机肥替代化肥如何影响土壤N素的供应过程,尚需进一步研究。Organic Fertilizer Substitute(OFS)is one of the important ways in the production of sweet corn.It is significant to clarify the effects of OFS on soil nutrient supply and yield and quality of sweet corn.The purpose of this study is,by field experiment,to provide experimental basis for OFS in the sweet corn production.Four treatments were designed,(1)100%chemical fertilizer N(code N10),(2)70%chemical fertilizer N+30%organic fertilizer N(code N7),(3)40%chemical fertilizer N+60%organic fertilizer N(code N4),and(4)100%organic fertilizer N(code N0).During the growth season,soil nutrients in the surface layer(soil mineral N,available P and K,soil microbial biomass C and N)and plant growth parameters(plant height,SPAD,dry mass accumulation)were measured twice.At harvest,yield and quality of sweet corn and indicators as silage of leaves and stems were measured.The effects of OFS on soil N nutrient supply,yield and quality of sweet corn,and silage indicators of fresh biomass were discussed.The results showed that,(1)at flared stage,60%~100%OFS significantly reduced the supply level of mineral N,but increased soil microbial biomass C and N level in the surface layer,and significantly increased the N content of the flag leaves;(2)at harvest,60%~100%OFS significantly increased soil microbial biomass C and C/N ration in the surface layer,the SPAD values and N content of the flag leaves,and N content of the whole plant;(3)OFS had some impact on yield of sweet corn,but no impact on quality of sweet corn;(4)60%OFS improved the crude protein content in the whole plant.The harvested leaves and stems could be used as silage.For the short growing season and intensive requirement of soil nutrient of sweet corn,the impact of OFS on the soil N supply process needs more attention to study.

关 键 词：甜玉米 有机肥替代 土壤养分 甜玉米品质 青储饲料 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S158