功能微生物与生物炭对海滨锦葵生长及滨海盐土地力的影响  

Effects of functional microorganisms and biochar on the growth of seashore mallow and its rhizosphere soil fertility in coastal saline soil

作　　者：赵飞 刘畅 朱昌玲 张焕仕 ZHAO Fei;LIU Chang;ZHU Chang-ling;ZHANG Huan-shi(Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants,China CO-OP,Nanjing Jiangsu 211111)

机构地区：[1]中华全国供销合作总社南京野生植物综合利用研究所,江苏南京211111

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第5期161-168,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“河口湿地盐生生物资源的开发利用与产业化”(2017YFC0506005);江苏省第五期“333高层次人才培养工程”科研项目资助计划“有机伴侣技术研究”(367)。

摘　　要：为实现盐碱地的长效生态改良与可持续性发展,研究了盐碱胁迫条件下生物炭与功能微生物对滨海盐土养分含量及盐生植物海滨锦葵生长的影响。利用室内盆栽试验,在盐碱胁迫条件下设置了单独接种功能微生物丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,AMF)、解磷真菌(Apophysomyces sp. SM-1)、单独添加生物炭(Biochar,BC)及3者联合接种等共计8个处理对滨海盐土部分养分指标及盐生植物海滨锦葵生长的影响。结果表明,功能微生物和生物炭均能够显著影响滨海盐土改良的进程及海滨锦葵的生长。在土壤pH值方面,功能微生物和生物炭均能促进盐土降低pH值,其中AMF与BC联合施用处理的土壤pH值最低,而BC处理土壤pH相对较高。在土壤含水量方面,除AMF、SM-1及BC联合施用处理之外,其他处理均能不同幅度地提升盐土含水量,其中接种SM-1处理中土壤含水量的提升效果较为显著,较对照组提高了90.7%。在土壤养分含量方面,BC能够显著提升土壤有机碳、碱解氮和有效磷含量,AMF及SM-1单独接种时对土壤有机碳、碱解氮和有效磷含量有一定的提升作用,但效果并不显著。AMF与SM-1混合接种对土壤有效磷含量的提升效果优于BC处理,较对照增加了17.99%。AMF、SM-1与BC三者联用对土壤有机碳、碱解氮和有效磷含量的提升效果最佳,分别比对照增加了58.33%、4.83%及23.09%。同时在盐土中接种AMF、SM-1以及添加BC可明显提高海滨锦葵植株的株高、主根长、主根粗以及植株干重,其中AMF和SM-1对盐碱胁迫下海滨锦葵的促生效果优于生物炭,而BC更有助于海滨锦葵植株干物质的积累。因此,室内盆栽试验条件下,AMF、SM-1和BC均能影响滨海盐土的理化性质及海滨锦葵的生物量,BC对盐土地力提升的效果较好,而AMF及SM-1则对耐盐植物的促生效果更佳,并且三者联合施用可积极推动滨海盐土改良,促进盐生植物生长。In order to achieve long-term ecological improvement and sustainable development of saline-alkali soil,the effects of biochar and functional microbes on the nutrient contents of coastal saline soil and the growth of halophyte mallow were studied under salt-alkali stress.We conducted a greenhouse experiment(8 treatments)to study the effects of biochar(BC),arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi(AMF)and phosphate solubilizing fungi(Apophysomyces sp.SM-1)on the coastal saline soil nutrient indicators and the growth of the halophyte seashore mallow under salt-alkali stress conditions.The results of the pot experiment showed that both functional microbes and biochar significantly affected the progress of coastal saline soil improvement and the growth of seashore mallow.In terms of soil pH,both functional microbes and biochar promoted coastal mallow to reduce the pH value of coastal saline soil.The combination of AMF and biochar had the lowest pH value,while the soil pH of BC treatment was relatively high.In terms of soil water content,except for the combined application of AMF,SM-1 and biochar,other treatments increased the water content of coastal saline soil in different degrees,and the effect of soil water content in the treatment of SM-1 was more significant,which was 90.7%higher than that of the control group.In terms of soil nutrient content,biochar significantly increased soil organic carbon,available nitrogen and available phosphorus.AMF and SM-1 had a certain effect on the promotion of soil organic carbon,available nitrogen and available phosphorus when inoculated alone.The effect of AMF and SM-1 mixed inoculation on soil organic carbon and available nitrogen content was comparable to those of biochar alone,and the combined effect of AMF and SM-1 on soil available phosphorus was better than that of biochar,which was 17.99%higher than the control.The combination of AMF,SM-1 and BC had the best promotion on soil organic carbon,available nitrogen and available phosphorus,which increased by 58.33%,4.83%and 23.09%,respectivel

关 键 词：盐土改良 海滨锦葵 丛枝菌根真菌 解磷真菌 生物炭 

分 类 号：S156.42[农业科学—土壤学]