膨润土与肥料配施对土壤生化特性和微生物数量的影响  

Effects of the combination of bentonite and fertilizer on soil biochemical characteristics and microbial quantity

作　　者：赵雪淞[1] 杨晨曦 冯良山[2] 宋王芳 高欣[1] ZHAO Xue-song;YANG Chen-xi;FENG Liang-shan;SONG Wang-fang;GAO Xin(College of environmental,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin Liaoning 123000;Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang Liaoning 110161)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]辽宁省农业科学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第5期183-188,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1807056)。

摘　　要：通过田间定位试验,设CK(膨润土3.6 kg/m^2)、YJ(膨润土3.6 kg/m^2+有机肥0.4 kg/m^2)、JG(膨润土3.6kg/m^2+玉米秸秆1.0 kg/m^2)、CT(膨润土3.6 kg/m^2+草炭1.0 kg/m^2)4个处理,研究膨润土与肥料配施对科尔沁沙地花生连作根际土壤生化特性和可培养微生物数量的影响。结果表明:(1)膨润土与肥料配施显著增加了科尔沁沙地土壤酶活性和微生物生物量。JG处理下土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脂肪酶和微生物量碳、氮显著高于其他处理;(2)膨润土与肥料配施增加了土壤微生物多样性和花生产量。与CK相比,JG处理下土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别增加了158%、348%、64%,花生产量提高了10.91%;而CT显著提高了土壤细菌数量;(3)土壤可培养微生物与土壤酶活性、微生物量具有相关关系。综上,在施膨润土3.6 kg/m^2条件下,配施1.0 kg/m^2玉米秸秆更利于改变土壤微生物的物种丰度,丰富土壤微生物的多样性,对科尔沁沙地土壤状况有显著改善作用。Four treatments were desighed,including CK(bentonite 3.6 kg/m2),YJ(bentonite 3.6 kg/m^2+organic fertilizer 0.4 kg/m^2),JG(bentonite 3.6 kg/m2+straw 1.0 kg/m^2),and CT(bentonite 3.6 kg/m^2+peat 1.0 kg/m^2),to study the effects of bentonite and fertilizer on soil biochemical characteristics and the number of culturable microorganisms in the rhizosphere of continuous peanut cropping in horqin sandy land by site-specific field experiment.The results showed that:(1)The combination of bentonite and fertilizer significantly increased soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in horqin sandy land.Under JG treatment,soil sucrase,urease,catalase,alkaline phosphatase,lipase and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly higher than other treatments.(2)The combination of bentonite and fertilizer increased soil microbial diversity and peanut yield.Compared with CK,the number of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes under JG treatment increased by 158%,348%and 64%respectively,and the yield of peanut increased by 10.91%.CT significantly increased the number of soil bacteria.(3)Soil culturable microorganisms were correlated with soil enzyme activity and microbial quantity.In conclusion,under the condition of applying 3.6 kg/m^2 bentonite,the application of 1.0 kg/m^2 corn straw is more conducive to changing the species abundance and homogeneity of soil microorganisms,enriching the diversity of soil microorganisms,and significantly improving the soil condition of horqin sandy land.

关 键 词：科尔沁沙地 膨润土 肥料配施 酶活性 微生物量 土壤微生物群落 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]