废旧动力锂离子电池安全放电研究  

Research on the Safe Discharge of Waste Power Lithium-ion Battery

作　　者：苏勇 卢世杰 周宏喜 杨文旺 Su Yong;Lu Shijie;Zhou Hongxi;Yang Wenwang(BGRIMM Machinery&Automation Technology Co.,Ltd.;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]北矿机电科技有限责任公司 [2]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《中国资源综合利用》2020年第10期40-42,52,共4页China Resources Comprehensive Utilization

基　　金：矿冶科技集团基金资助项目(项目编号:JTZD0130-1904)的阶段性研究成果之一。

摘　　要：在废旧动力三元锂电池的综合回收过程中,由于废旧动力电池残余电压的存在,后续拆解、破碎过程中容易出现电池短路而大量放热,甚至可能出现爆炸等危险状况,引发事故。本文以废旧动力三元锂电池为研究对象,考察物理放电、化学放电和穿刺放电的效率及安全性。结果表明,物理放电中,节能回馈放电和电子负载放电能快速放电但存在电压反弹,难以实现规模化和自动化;金属颗粒放电存在局部过热,导致极柱熔毁,内部残存电能无法释放,造成放电完成假象;化学溶液放电可将电池放至安全电压且不反弹,在同一基准温度下,25%浓度溶液放电效率相对较高;穿刺试验致电池内部短路,在很短时间内内部剧烈反应,致残余电压快速下降至0 V。In the comprehensive recovery process of used power ternary lithium batteries,due to the residual voltage of the used power batteries,the subsequent dismantling and crushing processes are prone to short circuit and large amounts of heat,and even dangerous situations such as explosions may occur,causing accidents.This paper takes the waste power ternary lithium battery as the research object to investigate the efficiency and safety of physical discharge,chemical discharge and puncture discharge.The results show that in physical discharge,energy-saving feedback discharge and electronic load discharge can discharge quickly but there is a voltage rebound,which is difficult to achieve scale and automation;there is partial overheating in the discharge of metal particles,which leads to the melting of the poles and the inability to release the residual electric energy inside,resulting in the false appearance of the discharge completion;chemical solution discharge can put the battery to a safe voltage without rebounding,under the same reference temperature,the discharge efficiency of 25%concentration solution is relatively high;the puncture test caused a short circuit inside the battery,which reacted violently within a short period of time,causing the residual voltage to drop to 0 V rapidly.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 放电 安全 回收 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]