滴灌灌水量对玉米耗水及生长的影响  

Effects of drip irrigation amount on water consumption and growth of maize

作　　者：王卫杰 张彦群[2] 祁鸣笛 王传娟[2] 吴忠东 王建东[2] WANG Weijie;ZHANG Yanqun;QI Mingdi;WANG Chuanjuan;WU Zhongdong;WANG Jiandong(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049,China;Institute of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255049 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2020年第10期1063-1068,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD12B05);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400105)。

摘　　要：为了提高玉米水分利用效率、挖掘中国东北地区玉米增产潜力,寻求合适的灌水方式、方法,基于大田试验,研究了不同滴灌灌水量对黑龙江西部地区玉米的耗水规律、生长状况、干物质积累、产量及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:低水处理(50%充分滴灌量)分别比高水处理(充分滴灌)、中水处理(70%充分滴灌量)和雨养处理(CK)的水分利用效率高16.4%,8.7%和14.1%;高水处理增大了玉米的株高和茎粗,但低水处理和中水处理下叶面积指数更大,有利于叶绿素的保持;高水处理不利于干物质向籽粒的运移;低水处理可获得更好的穗部特征,其经济产量较高水、中水和雨养对照分别高7.7%,5.2%和24.8%.对于黑龙江西部地区玉米滴灌,低水滴灌量可推荐作为当地滴灌技术灌水量的参考指标.In order to improve the water use efficiency(WUE)of maize,tap the potential of maize yield increase in northeast China,and seek suitable irrigation methods,the effects of different drip irrigation scheduling on water consumption,plant growth,dry matter accumulation,yield and water use efficiency of maize in typical areas of western Heilongjiang Province were analyzed through field expe-riment.Results show that the WUE of the low irrigation treatment(50%of full irrigation amount)is increased by 16.4%,8.7%and 14.1%,respectively,compared with high irrigation treatment(full irrigation amount),medium irrigation treatment(70%of full irrigation quantity)and traditional rain-fed treatment(CK).The plant height and stem diameter of maize are increased by high irrigation treatment,however,the leaf area index of low irrigation treatment and middle water treatment is larger,which is beneficial to the maintenance of chlorophyll.The distribution of dry matter to seeds is not conducive by high irrigation treatment.Maize with low irrigation treatment has better ear characte-ristics.The economic yield of low irrigation treatment is 7.7%,5.2%and 24.8%higher than that of high,medium irrigation treatment and rain-fed control,respectively.Low drip irrigation scheduling can be recommended as a reference indicator for maize drip irrigation amount in typical areas of western Heilongjiang Province.

关 键 词：玉米 黑龙江西部 滴灌 水分利用效率 经济产量 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]