先进树脂基轻质烧蚀防热复合材料  

Advanced Lightweight Ablative Thermal Protection Composites Based on Novel Hybrid Resins

作　　者：师建军[1] 孔磊[1] 王筠[1] 左小彪[1] 余瑞莲[1] 冯志海[1] Shi Jianjun;Kong Lei;Wang Yun;Zuo Xiaobiao;Yu Ruilian;Feng Zhihai(Aerospace Research Institute of Materials&Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]中国运载火箭研究院航天材料及工艺研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《西北工业大学学报》2018年第S01期93-97,共5页Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(51702076);国家重点基础研究与发展计划项目(973计划、2015CB655200)资助。

摘　　要：基于新型多孔杂化树脂基体,制备出一种先进树脂基轻质烧蚀防热复合材料。通过化学反应控制和杂化树脂组分的调节,实现了对多孔杂化树脂基体微观结构和宏观性能的控制,制备出密度0.18~0.75 g/cm^3,平均孔径0.01~10μm之间可灵活调节的多孔杂化树脂基体,孔隙率最高可达95%。以此杂化树脂为基体,可构建出密度0.30~1.2 g/cm^3之间可调的轻质烧蚀防热复合材料。以自制高孔隙率碳纤维骨架和商品化石英纤维针刺毡为增强体,制备出密度分别为0.35 g/cm^3和0.65 g/cm^3的2种轻质烧蚀防热复合材料,热导率<0.1 W/(m·K)。等离子体电弧风洞考核结果表明,新型复合材料表现出优异的烧蚀性能和高效隔热性能。C⁃1复合材料在6 MW/m^2热流条件下,33 s烧蚀时间后,表面最高温度达到2850℃,而30 mm处背面温升为186℃,50 mm处背面温升仅有55℃。S⁃2复合材料总加热量270 MJ/m^2的热环境下,270 s加热后最高背面(15 mm处)温升仅为95℃。Based on novel porous hybrid resin,a new advanced lightweight ablative thermal protection composite was prepared.Micromorphology and macroscopical properties of new composite can be controlled by regulating chemical reaction and tuning compositions of hybrid resin.First of all,the novel porous hybrid resin with porosity up to 95%was designed and prepared,whose density and average pore diameter could be freely adjusted in the ranges of 0.18~0.75 g/cm^3 and of 10nm^10μm,respectively.Furthermore,new lightweight ablative composites with density between 0.30 g/cm^3 and 1.2 g/cm^3 could be fabricated using aforementioned novel hybrid resin as a matrix.Herein,two lightweight ablative composites with density of 0.35 g/cm^3 and 0.65 g/cm^3 were constructed using self⁃made hyperporous carbon⁃bonded carbon fiber(CBCF)and marketed needling quartz fiber felt.The results suggested that both thermal conductivity for the two ablative composites at 100℃were less than 0.1 W/(m·K).Such new lightweight ablative composites display very excellent heat shielding and insulating performance in an arc⁃jet wind tunnel test.Under a simulated heat flux of 6 MW/m^2 performed in arc⁃jet wind tunnel,surface temperature of sample S⁃1 was up to 2850℃after 33 seconds ablating while the temperature rising(Tb)in depth of 30mm was 186℃and Tb in depth of 50mm was only 55℃.For sample of S⁃2,the maximum temperature rising of backface with thickness of 15 mm was only 95℃under thermal environment with total heating of 270 MJ/m^2.

关 键 词：杂化树脂 多孔 轻质 烧蚀防热 成孔剂 复合材料 

分 类 号：V45[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]