三峡水库2003~2017年水质变化特征及成因分析  

Water quality characteristics and causes analysis of Three Gorges Reservoir from 2003 to 2017

作　　者：王顺天 雷俊山[1] 贾海燕[1] 杨传国[2] WANG Shuntian;LEI Junshan;JIA Haiyan;YANG Chuanguo(Yangtze River Water Resources Protection Research Institute,Wuhan 430051,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水资源保护科学研究所,湖北武汉430051 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《人民长江》2020年第10期47-53,127,共8页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“三峡库区周边面源污染对生态环境演变的响应机制”(2017YFC050530202)。

摘　　要：基于2003~2017年三峡水库8个断面的水质数据,运用统计分析和季节性Kendall法对水库水质现状、水期特征和年际变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:①三峡水库干流断面现状水质以Ⅱ~Ⅲ类为主且沿程趋好,支流嘉陵江临江门断面和乌江武隆断面以Ⅳ~劣Ⅴ类为主,主要超标项目为总磷;高锰酸盐指数和总磷浓度呈丰水期大于平、枯水期的特征,氨氮浓度呈平(枯)水期大于丰水期的特征。②蓄水以来水库超标水质占比呈减少趋势,高锰酸盐指数、氨氮和总磷都呈显著下降趋势,其中高锰酸盐指数和氨氮在蓄水期下降幅度较大,运行期下降幅度有所减小,这与工业废水中COD和氨氮排放量的年际变化趋势一致;总磷在蓄水期下降幅度较小,运行期下降幅度有所增大,化肥农药使用与总磷浓度趋势变化密切相关。Based on the water quality data of 8 sections in the Three Gorges Reservoir from 2003 to 2017,the statistical analysis and seasonal Kendall method were used to analyze the status,water period characteristics and interannual variation trend of the reservoir water quality.The results showed that:①current water quality of the main stream section in the Three Gorges Reservoir was mainly in classⅡ~Ⅲand tended to be better along the course,the water quality of Linjiangmen section on tributary Jialing River and Wulong section on Wujiang River were mainly in classⅣto inferiorⅤand the main over-standard project was total phosphorus;the permanganate index and total phosphorus concentration were characterized by high water period>flat and dry water period,and ammonia nitrogen concentration was characterized by flat,dry water period>high water period.②The proportion of over-standard reservoir water and the concentration of permanganate index,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were decreasing.In addition,the decrease amplitude of permanganate index and ammonia nitrogen were greatly in the reservoir storage period,while the decreasing amplitude shrank in the reservoir operation period,which was consistent with the interannual trend of COD and ammonia nitrogen emissions in industrial wastewater.The decrease amplitude of total phosphorus was small in the reservoir water storage period,and the amplitude increased in the reservoir operation period,which was closely related to the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide.

关 键 词：水质特征 季节性Kendall法 趋势分析 成因分析 三峡水库 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]