黑龙江三角鲂的胚胎和早期仔鱼发育观察  

Observation on embryonic and early larval development of black bream(Megalobrama terminalis) in the Heilong River

作　　者：胡雪松[1] 李池陶[1] 葛延龙 贾智英[1] 姜晓娜 石连玉[1] HU Xuesong;LI Chitao;GE Yanlong;JIA Zhiying;JIANG Xiaona;SHI Lianyu(National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,淡水鱼类育种国家与地方联合工程实验室,农业农村部淡水水产生物技术与遗传育种重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150070

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2020年第10期1176-1183,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助项目(2019XT0603)。

摘　　要：以产自黑龙江的三角鲂(Megalobrama terminalis)为研究对象,对其胚胎和早期仔鱼发育的形态特征和时间进行观察和描述。将受精卵去膜,在Holtfreter氏液中培育,着重观察去膜卵在原肠胚及后期发育的形态特征。在水温(23.5±1.0)℃条件下,黑龙江三角鲂胚胎从受精到出膜历时30 h 10 min,历经7个主要发育阶段(分为卵裂前期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期、出膜期), 25个发育时期。初孵仔鱼体长为(4.33±0.16) mm,在(25.5±1.0)℃条件下,经144 h,卵黄囊被完全吸收,此时全长为(7.73±0.20) mm。早期仔鱼可根据眼色素沉积、体色素沉积、鳔和卵黄囊的变化分为眼色素增多期、体色素增多期、鳔出现期、鳔充气期和卵黄囊完全吸收期5个时期。黑龙江三角鲂在鳔充气膨大(出膜后96h)前无摄食行为。在出膜后96~144h为混合营养期,此时适宜将仔鱼转入池塘进行夏花培育。本研究旨为黑龙江三角鲂的资源保护和苗种培育提供科学依据。Black bream(Megalobrama terminalis) is an important economic fish species in the genus Megalobrama in China. Historically, it extensively distributed in many river basins. However, overfishing and pollution had a great impact on its germplasm resources. Nowadays, the fish species exists only in the Qiantang River, Jinshahe Reservoir and Heilong River. The black bream population in the Heilong River is endangered, only dozens of individuals of black bream can be found per year near Fuyuan City(134°28′ E, 48°37′ N), which is located in Heilongjiang Province. Our team successfully achieved the artificial propagation of the species in 2018 and 2019. To improve artificial propagation and seedling cultivation techniques, information on embryonic and early larval development is required. In this research, the morphological characteristics and development time for embryonic and early larval development of black bream in the Heilong River were observed and described. The chorion-free fertilized eggs were cultured in Holtfreter’s solution, and the embryonic development stages of gastrointestinal stage and subsequent stages were observed. Under a water temperature of(23.5±1.0) ℃, it required 30 h 10 min for the embryonic development process. The process includes 7 main development stages(prophase of cleavage stage, cleavage stage, blastocyst stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, organ formation stage and hatching stage), and 25 specific developmental periods. The average total length(TL) of newly hatched larvae were(4.33±0.16) mm, and the yolk sac was completely absorbed at 144 h after hatching(HAH) at a controlled temperature of(25.5±1.0) ℃ when larvae total length reached(7.73±0.20) mm. Early larval development can be divided into 5 periods(eye pigmentation increasing period, body pigmentation increasing period, air bladder appeared period, air bladder inflated period, yolk sac absorbed completely) according to the pigmentation in eye and body(mainly in head, neck, back and digestive tract), and the change

关 键 词：三角鲂 黑龙江流域 胚胎发育 早期仔鱼发育 

分 类 号：S961[农业科学—水产养殖]