2015年超强厄尔尼诺事件对西北太平洋柔鱼渔场变动的影响  

Impacts of the strong 2015 El Nino event on Ommastrephes bartramii fishing grounds in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

作　　者：陈杭徽 吴晓雪 范江涛 余为[1,3,4] 陈新军 钱卫国[5] CHEN Hanghui;WU Xiaoxue;FAN Jiangtao;YU Wei;CHEN Xinjun;QIAN Weiguo(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510300,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;School of Fishery,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室,广东广州510300 [3]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [5]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2020年第10期1243-1253,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901405);农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放基金资助项目(LOF 2019-01);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41906073);上海市自然科学基金项目(19ZR1423000);上海市水产高峰一流学科资助项目(Fisheries A)。

摘　　要：为研究超强厄尔尼诺事件对西北太平洋海域柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartarmii)资源量变动的影响,并分析柔鱼栖息地在极端气候条件下的变化规律,根据上海海洋大学鱿钓科学技术组提供的中国柔鱼生产捕捞数据,比较2008年正常气候年份与2015年超强厄尔尼诺年份的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)、产量、捕捞努力量以及渔场纬度重心(LATG)的变化;利用栖息地适宜性指数模型对西北太平洋柔鱼栖息地的海表温度(SST)、光合有效辐射范围(PAR)和海表面高度距平(SSHA)3个关键环境因子进行分析。渔业数据时间为2008年和2015年9—11月,数据覆盖范围为36°N^48°N、150°E^170°E。结果发现,相对于2008年正常年份, 2015年超强厄尔尼诺事件下的CPUE明显降低,且LATG向南偏移;此外,2015年适宜的SST和PAR范围均显著降低,导致适宜的栖息地面积与正常年份相比大幅减少;最适宜的SST和PAR等值线向南偏移,导致有利的栖息地纬度位置向南移动。研究认为, 2015年超强厄尔尼诺事件发生时,柔鱼渔场环境不适于柔鱼生长,适宜栖息地面积减少且向南移动,导致该年份柔鱼资源丰度骤减,渔场向南偏移。The neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii) is an ecologically and economically important squid species extensively distributed in the North Pacific Ocean.O.bartramii are short-lived(one year) species,so the abundance and distribution of this species are extremely sensitive to climatic and environmental variability.To evaluate the impacts of strong El Nino events on the O.bartramii stock in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and to examine O.bartramii fishing ground variations under anomalous climate conditions,we analyzed and compared the catch per unit effort(CPUE),catch,fishing effort,and latitudinal gravity center(LATG) of the fishing ground in 2008 and 2015 using data from the Squid-jigging Science and Technology Group of Shanghai Ocean University.The fishing ground in the Northwest Pacific Ocean lies between 36°-48°N and 150°-170°E.Three critical environment variables,the sea surface temperature(SST),anomalies in the sea surface height(SSHA),and the photosynthetic active radiation(PAR),were also examined and incorporated into a habitat suitability index(HSI) model to compare habitat quality between 2008 and 2015.The results showed that the CPUE in 2015 with the strong El Nino event was much lower than that in 2008 with normal climatic conditions.The LATG in 2015 tended to move to the southern waters of the fishing ground.Moreover,the suitable areas of SST and PAR significantly decreased in 2015,leading to a dramatic decrease in suitable habitat.The latitudinal positions of the preferred SST and PAR for O.bartramii moved southward in 2015,resulting in a southward shift in the suitable habitat.Our findings suggest that the strong 2015 El Nino event impacted the spatial and temporal characteristics of the O.bartramii fishing ground in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.The environmental conditions in 2015 were not suitable for O.bartramii growth,and the suitable habitats decreased and moved to the south.This led to low squid abundance and a southward shift in the O.bartramii fishing grounds.Future investigations into

关 键 词：柔鱼 超强厄尔尼诺事件 栖息地适宜性指数 时空变动 西北太平洋 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]