结构健康监测的传感器优化布置研究进展与展望  

Advances and prospects for optimal sensor placement of structural health monitoring

作　　者：杨辰[1] YANG Chen(Qian Xuesen Lab of Space Technology,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院钱学森空间技术实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2020年第17期82-93,共12页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11972355);中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2019QNRC001)。

摘　　要：大尺度、复杂化、长寿命、多功能现代工程结构长期暴露于严苛服役环境,结构功能与状态会偏离初始设计目标,利用结构健康监测技术进行健康诊断和性能评估是保证结构安全、延长使用寿命、降低维修成本的重要手段,而传感器系统作为结构健康监测的首要环节直接决定了结构安全诊断的准确性。随着待监测结构对安全性、功能性需求的日益提高,传感器优化布置越来越复杂,高效、高精度的结构状态变化数据采集系统也对传感器优化布置问题提出了更高的挑战。着重回顾并评述了传感器优化布置方法、评价方法等研究进展,提炼出传感器优化布置中亟待解决的输入参数与性能之间的耦合关系,可靠性分析,大规模传感器布置优化算法的精度、效率与评价等若干关键问题,并对此进行了未来发展展望,包括非完备信息与最优输入参数下传感器优化布置方法,基于信息融合技术的多类型传感器优化布置方法,传感器布置的多目标优化算法综合设计,基于人工智能的传感器优化布置算法策略,低信噪比、多工况下自适应的振动数据采集系统等重点发展方向。Large scale,complex,long life and multi-functional modern engineering structures are exposed to severe service environment for a long time,their structural function and state can deviate from the initial design goal.Using structural health monitoring technology to do health diagnosis and performance evaluation is an important means to ensure structural safety,extend service life and reduce maintenance cost,while sensor system is the primary link of structural health monitoring to directly determine the correctness of structural safety diagnosis.With increasing demands for security and functionality of structures to be monitored,sensor placement is more and more complex,and the high efficiency and high precision data acquisition system of structural state change also poses a higher challenge to the optimization of sensor layout.Here,advances of optimal sensor placement method and evaluation method were reviewed and commented,respectively.Several key problems to be urgently solved including coupling relation between input parameters and performance,reliability analysis,and large scale of sensor placement optimization algorithm’s precision,efficiency and evaluation in optimal sensor placement were extracted.Prospects to be developed in future were described including key development directions of optimal sensor placement method with incomplete information and optimal input parameters,multi-type optimal sensor placement method based on the information fusion technology,integrated design for multi-objective optimization sensor placement algorithm,optimal sensor placement algorithm strategy based on artificial intelligence,and adaptive vibration data sampling system under low signal-to-noise ratio and multiple working conditions.

关 键 词：结构健康监测 传感器优化布置 优化方法 调整策略 评价准则 

分 类 号：O329[理学—一般力学与力学基础]