基于d维GHZ态的多方量子密钥协商  

Multi-party quantum key agreement based on d-level GHZ states

作　　者：唐杰 石磊[1] 魏家华[1] 于惠存 薛阳[1] 武天雄 Tang Jie;Shi Lei;Wei Jia-Hua;Yu Hui-Cun;Xue Yang;Wu Tian-Xiong(Institute of Information and Navigation,Air Force Engineering University,Xi’an 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]空军工程大学信息与导航学院,西安710077

出　　处：《物理学报》2020年第20期189-194,共6页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:61971436);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(批准号:61803382)资助的课题.

摘　　要：提出了一个基于d维多粒子GHZ(Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger)态作为量子信道的多方量子密钥协商协议.该方案充分利用时移操作将密钥编码到量子态序列中,通过d维Z基测量得到密钥.除此之外,本方案确保多个参与者是完全对等且公平的,对最终密钥生成的贡献是平等的.安全性分析表明本方案能够有效抵抗内部参与者和外部窃听者的攻击.A multi-party quantum key agreement protocol based on d-level multi-particle GHZ states is proposed. The" d-level" is common in other quantum cryptographic protocols, but there are few researches in the field of quantum key agreement. In our scheme, we introduce two indistinguishable orthogonal bases, i.e. the quantum Fourier transform and shift operation, into a d-level quantum system. In addition, we make full use of shift operation to encode the key into the sequence of quantum states, and the key can be measured by the d-level Zbasis. By decoding and calculating, each participant can equally extract other participants’ key and obtain the final shared key K = K0 ⊕ K1 ⊕…⊕ Kk-1. The protocol resists external eavesdropping by inserting decoy states and conducting two security checks. Furthermore, we present an example by assigning certain values to parameters for illustrative purpose. Finally, QKA protocol mainly involves two types of attacks: participant attack and external attack. The external attack can be divided into Trojan attack, intercept-resend attack, and entangle-measure attack. To demonstrate the security of the scheme, we analyze the two types of attacks. The results show that the scheme can effectively resist the attack from internal participants and external eavesdroppers. However, the premise of our protocol is based on the ideal quantum channel. In practical applications, particles are usually affected by noise in the process of quantum channel transmission. Therefore,how the agreement adapts itself to a more complicated environment is our main work in the future.

关 键 词：D维 多方量子密钥协商 时移操作 安全性分析 

分 类 号：TN918.4[电子电信—通信与信息系统] O413[电子电信—信息与通信工程]