大宗淡水鱼生态养殖模式与传统养殖模式对比试验  

Experiment on comparison between ecological breeding and traditional breeding of large quantities of freshwater fish

作　　者：刘艳辉[1] 李改娟[1] 刘铁钢[1] 杨炳坤 高娜 祖岫杰[1] LIU Yanhui;LI Gaijuan;LIU Tiegang;YANG Bingkun;GAO Na;ZU Xiujie(Jilin Fisheries Research Institute,Changchun 130033,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省水产科学研究院,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2020年第5期32-38,共7页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：吉林省重点科技攻关项目(20190301040NY);国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-45-35)。

摘　　要：为构建池塘生态养殖模式,进行了具有多项技术集成的养殖系统与传统养殖模式的比较研究。选取两口试验池和两口对照池,养殖品种及搭配比例完全相同,试验池将生物絮团技术调控水质、池塘底排污、微孔增氧与传统增氧相结合、投饲区增氧、360°风送投喂等多项单一技术集成于同一养殖系统中,对照池应用传统养殖方式,普通投饲机投喂,叶轮增氧机增氧。结果显示:试验池和对照池氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮均呈先升后降的趋势,试验池增幅远小于对照池,试验结束后试验池平均值分别低于对照池平均值33.9%、69.1%、40.3%;试验池随着碳源添加,pH呈下降趋势,分别降至40 d和45 d的最低值7.18,而后逐渐小幅回升,试验结束分别回升至7.35和7.43;对照池从试验开始后pH一直小幅升高,最高值分别升至8.55和8.51,而后又小幅降至试验结束的8.36和8.39,试验结束后试验池平均值比对照池平均值低11.8%。与对照池相比,试验池主养品种鲤、鲫平均存活率分别提高11.0%、25.6%,总产量平均提高21.5%,饲料系数平均降低9.8%,平均节水53.3%,生长离散减小。研究表明:试验将多项单一技术集成于同一养殖系统中,有效调控养殖池塘水质、改良底质,降低有毒有害物质,减少疾病发生,实现了节水、绿色、生态、环保的目的。Comparative studies were conducted on the integration of multiple technologies into the same breeding system and the traditional breeding model,so as to construct ecological breeding model in the ponds.Two experimental ponds and two control ponds were arranged with identical breeding species and proportion.In the experimental ponds,a number of single technologies,such as regulation of water quality by biofloc technology,pond bottom discharge,combination of micro-pore oxygenation and traditional oxygenation,oxygenation in feeding area and 360°air feeding,were integrated into the same breeding system.The control ponds applied traditional breeding ways,including feeding by ordinary bait casting machine and oxygenation by impeller aerator.The result showed that the ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen showed a trend of first rising and then falling in the experimental ponds and the control ponds,but the increase rate in the experimental ponds was lower than that in the control ponds,and the average values of the experimental ponds were lower than those of the control ponds respectively by 33.9%,69.1%and 40.3%at the end of the experiment.With the addition of carbon source,the pH of the experimental ponds showed a downward trend,fell to the minimum value of 7.18 at 40 d and 45 d respectively,and then gradually rose to 7.35 and 7.43 at the end of the experiment.However,the pH of the control ponds has been slightly increased since the beginning of the experiment,rose to the maximum value of 8.55 and 8.51 respectively,and then dropped slightly to 8.36 and 8.39 at the end of the experiment,with the mean of the experimental ponds 11.8%lower than that of the control ponds at the end of the experiment.Compared with the control ponds,the average survival rate of the main breed carp and crucian carp in the experimental ponds was respectively increased by 11.0%and 25.6%,the total production was increased by 21.5%on average,the feed coefficient decreased by 9.8%on average,the water consumption was reduce by 53.

关 键 词：池塘养殖 生态养殖 传统养殖 养殖模式 

分 类 号：S969[农业科学—水产养殖]