不同步行增速策略对健康老年女性下肢关节动力学及其功能补偿机制的影响  

Effect of Different Speeding Strategy on Functional Compensation Mechanism and Lower Extremity Joint Kinetics duringWalking in Healthy OlderWomen

作　　者：李旭鸿 喻美鑫 范年春[1] 陆家麒 LI Xuhong;YU Meixin;FAN Nianchun;LU Jiaqi(School of Physical Education and Health,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学体育与健康学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《体育科学》2020年第8期65-73,共9页China Sport Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(18YJA890012);杭州师范大学科研启动经费项目(RWSK20180515)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨3组不同步行增速策略的健康老年女性在正常行走和快速行走过程中下肢关节动力学以及功能补偿机制的差异性。方法:利用红外高速运动捕捉系统QTM和三维测力台KISTLER,分别采集27名老年女性在正常行走和快速行走过程中的步态参数、下肢关节运动学以及地面反作用力。根据从正常行走到快速行走的速度增加策略,将其分成3组:依靠增加步频为G1组(n=10),增加步幅为G2组(n=8),同时增加步幅和步频为G3组(n=9),并对上述3组老年女性步行周期内的下肢关节力矩、功率峰值以及关节做功进行统计分析。结果:在步速、步幅和步频相当的正常行走中,3组老年女性的下肢关节负荷无明显差异(P>0.05),且踝、髋关节的做正功能力起主导作用(40%左右),能量吸收则以膝关节为主(56%左右)。从正常行走到快速行走,G2、G3组老年女性下肢踝、膝两关节力矩、功率及关节做功都出现不同程度的增加,尤其G2组的踝关节力矩峰值、关节功率峰值以及做正功情况显著性增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);而G1组老年女性仅支撑期的下肢髋关节力矩、功率峰值以及做正功情况出现非常显著性增加(P<0.01)。结论:步行增速策略可以改变其下肢各关节承载的负荷大小。在快速行走过程中,依靠增加步幅与同时增加步幅、步频的老年女性对踝、膝关节的功能需求较高,而依靠增加步频的老年女性对髋关节更为依赖,这主要是源于其踝关节功能性的不足,进而出现近端环节向远端环节功能补偿的趋势。Objective:To investigate the differentiation of functional compensation and the changes of lower extremity joint kinetics under three different speeding strategies during walking in healthy older women.Methods:The QTM and KISTLER were used to collect gait parameters from 27 healthy older women who performed normal and fast speed walking trials in a motion analysis laboratory.Subjects were classified into three groups based on different speeding strategies:1)increase of cadence(G1,n=10);2)increase of stride length(G2,n=8);3)increase of stride length and cadence(G3,n=9).The peak joint moments,power and work during gait cycle were processed and analyzed.Results:There was no significant different in the joint loading of three groups in normal walking with similar speed,stride length and cadence(P<0.05).In addition,ankle and hip joint played a dominant role in the positive work ability(40%),and the energy was mainly absorbed by the knee joint(56%).From normal to fast walking,the peak value of lower extremity joint moment,power and work in ankle and knee joint were increased in varying degrees in G2 and G3 groups.In particular,the peak value of ankle joint moment,power and positive work were significantly increased in G2(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the peak value of hip joint moment and power and positive work in the support phase of gait cycle in G1group were increased significantly(P<0.01).Conclusion:Speeding strategy can change the lower extremity joint loading.The older women who increased their stride length or both stride length and cadence needs higher function in ankle and knee joint during fast speed walking.In addition,the one who increased stride cadence was more depended on the hip joint,which was due to the insufficient of ankle joint function and then the trend of functional compensation to the distal segment.

关 键 词：老年女性 步行增速策略 关节动力学 功能性需求 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]