矿物热电效应与火山地震之热电异常  

Relationship between the effects of mineral thermoelectricity and abnormal geoelectricity

作　　者：申俊峰[1] 申旭辉[2] 李胜荣[1] 徐立为 杜柏松 王冬丽[1] 王书豪 SHEN Junfeng;SHEN Xuhui;LI Shengrong;XU Liwei;DU Baisong;WANG Dongli;WANG Shuhao(School of Earth Science and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;The Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]中国地震局地壳研究所,北京100085

出　　处：《地学前缘》2020年第5期207-217,共11页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：中国地震局地震预测研究所高压物理与地震科技联合实验室开放基金课题(2019HPPES03);国家科技支撑计划(2008BAC35B05);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0600106)。

摘　　要：地壳物质组成的不均一性及矿物形成物理化学条件的复杂性决定了地壳内广泛存在半导体矿物。半导体矿物的主要特征之一是晶格内存在一定量由成分(本征元素或杂质元素)异化或结构缺陷形成的潜在载流子。当遇有温差热激发条件时,梯度温度场会驱动矿物晶体内的潜在载流子定向移动,进而产生温差热电势,这种现象称作热电效应。一般来说,火山地震孕育和发生过程中其震源处常常存在由扰动热流而产生的不均匀热场,该热场的梯度效应(温差效应)能够触发半导体矿物产生热电效应,并将热能转化成电能。因此推测,作为火山地震的重要前兆之一,地电异常的出现很可能存在热电效应的贡献,即火山地震地电异常存在热电效应机制。这一认识对于深刻理解火山地震孕育过程中的地电异常具有启示意义。There are much more semiconductor minerals in the Earth crust due to inhomogeneous crustal composition and complex physico-chemical environments during mineralization.One of the important characteristics of semiconductor minerals is the multiple potential charge carrier in the crystal because of confounding composition or improper arrangement of atoms.And the potential charge carriers can be activated and move directionally in the crystal driven by temperature gradient field,causing larger thermal disturbance so that thermoelectric potential occurs.This phenomenon is called the thermoelectric effect.Generally,a notably disturbed thermal field often appears under earthquake gestation or during an earthquake,and the temperature difference produced from the thermal field will stimulate the semiconductor minerals to generate the thermoelectric effects and convert thermal energy into electric energy.Therefore we hypothesize that the thermoelectric effects may contribute to the abnormal geoelectric field,which is one of important forewarnings for the volcanic eruption and earthquake,that is,the thermoelectricity model may be valid during volcanic eruption and earthquake.This realization is enlightening for understanding the abnormal geoelectric phenomenon forewarning potential volcanic eruption and earthquake.

关 键 词：半导体矿物 潜在载流子 热电效应 地电异常 火山地震 前兆异常 

分 类 号：P579[天文地球—矿物学] P574[天文地球—地质学]