超临界二氧化碳动力循环研究进展及展望  

Review and perspective of supercritical carbon dioxide power cycles

作　　者：徐进良[1,2] 刘超[2] 孙恩慧[2] 朱兵国 谢剑[1,2] XU Jinliang;LIU Chao;SUN Enhui;ZHU Bingguo;XIE Jian(Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System(North China Electric Power University),Ministry of Education,Beijing 102206,China;The Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization(North China Electric Power University),Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学电站能量传递转化与系统教育部重点实验室,北京102206 [2]华北电力大学低品位能源多相流与传热北京市重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《热力发电》2020年第10期1-10,共10页Thermal Power Generation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0601801)。

摘　　要：超临界二氧化碳(S-CO2)动力循环具有效率高、系统紧凑及灵活性高等优点,未来可取代或部分取代水蒸气朗肯循环,实现高效热功转换。本文从能量传递转换机理、关键部件研发以及系统设计等角度,总结了国内外研究进展。已有研究表明,目前已成功展示小型径流式透平S-CO2循环系统,但CO2泄漏等导致系统性能降低,大型轴流式透平系统可能不会出现小型系统类似问题。综述了我国在S-CO2循环方面的研究进展。围绕大型S-CO2燃煤发电系统能量传递转换机理及系统概念设计,提出了锅炉模块化设计,将锅炉压降降低到与水蒸气锅炉相当甚至更低的水平;提出了顶/底复合循环,彻底解决了锅炉烟气热量全温区吸收问题。建立了高温高压CO2传热实验系统,获得了宽广参数范围内的实验数据,引入超临界类沸腾概念并提出超临界沸腾数及K数,获得了高精度预测超临界传热恶化及传热系数的广义关联式,提出了控制壁温的S-CO2锅炉概念设计等。在此基础上,提出了需加强的研究方向,包括适合不同热源(核能、太阳能、化石能源)的S-CO2循环构建,回热器、压气机及透平等关键部件设计及制造技术,关键部件及全系统的控制运行技术,以及不同功率等级的S-CO2循环的示范系统等,为S-CO2发电的商业应用奠定理论和技术基础。With the advantages of high efficiency,compact system and high flexibility,supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO2)power cycle can replace or partially replace the steam Rankine cycle to achieve efficient thermal power conversion in the future.The present paper summarizes the research progress at home and abroad from the perspective of energy transfer/conversion mechanisms,key components development and system design and analysis.The smallscale radial flow turbine systems have been successfully demonstrated,but the performance is deteriorated by the CO2 leakage.Problems caused by small-scale radial flow turbomachines may not occur for large-scale axial flow turbomachines.The domestic research progress of S-CO2 cycle in China is reviewed.Focusing on the energy transfer/conversion mechanisms and system design of large-scale S-CO2 coal-fired power plant,the module design of the boiler is proposed to reduce the pressure drop even lower than that of the water steam boiler.The connected-topbottom-cycle is proposed to recover the flue gas heat in the whole temperature range.The experimental system of high temperature/high pressure CO2 heat transfer is established,obtaining experimental data with a wide range of parameters.The concept of supercritical pseudo-boiling is introduced,and the supercritical“boiling”number,K number and the high-accuracy general correlation predicting the heat transfer deterioration and heat transfer are proposed,and the conceptual design of S-CO2 boiler for controlling wall temperature is studied.Based on the review,perspectives are proposed,including the optimization of S-CO2 cycle adapting to different heat sources(nuclear energy,solar energy,fossil energy),the design and manufacturing technology of the key components such as recuperators,compressors and turbines,the control and operation technology of key components and the whole system,as well as the demonstration S-CO2 power system in different power scales,which lay a foundation for the commercial application of S-CO2 power system theoreti

关 键 词：超临界二氧化碳循环 热功转换 回热器 透平 控制运行 

分 类 号：TK121[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]