绝经前后女性正常高值血压的检出率及影响因素研究  

Detection rate and influencing factors of high normal blood pressure in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

作　　者：彩丽[1] 李南方[1] 索菲娅·阿布利克木 洪静[1] 吴婷[1] CAI Li;LI NanfangSuofeiya·Abulikemu;HONG Jing;WU Ting(Hypertension Center of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Hypertension Institute of Xinjiang,NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research,Urumqi,830001,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院高血压中心、新疆高血压研究所、国家卫生健康委高血压诊疗研究重点室,乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《新疆医学》2020年第8期821-825,861,共6页Xinjiang Medical Journal

基　　金：北疆农牧区高血压防治关键技术的集成研究与应用(项目编号:2017B03015)。

摘　　要：目的了解绝经前后女性高血压前期的流行现状及影响因素,为制定女性高血压防制措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,于2015年对新疆北部三县两市10个乡镇(街道)本地户籍居民开展人口学特征和生活方式问卷调查及身高、体重、腰围和血压测量等体格检查,采用多分类Logistic回归模型分析高血压前期患病的影响因素。正常血压高值诊断标准:收缩压120-139mmHg和/或舒张压80-89mmHg。结果 (1)共调查1017名40-60岁的女性人群(平均年龄为48.9±5.8岁,绝经前546人,绝经后471人),其中正常血压人群442人(占43.5%),高血压前期人群333人(占32.7%),高血压人群242人(占23.8%)。(2)绝经前后女性总体正常高值血压的检出率为32.7%,绝经前女性正常高值血压的检出率为33.5%,绝经后女性正常高值血压的检出率为31.8%,绝经前女性正常高值血压的检出率高于绝经后女性,但差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.320,P=0.572)。(3)单因素Logistic回归分析发现超重(OR 2.009,95%CI 1.452-2.780)、肥胖(OR 3.806,95%CI 2.477-5.847)、腹型肥胖(OR 2.801,95%CI 2.803-3.767)是正常高值血压的危险因素,而少量饮酒(OR 0.596,95%CI 0.371-0.958)是正常血压高值的保护因素。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,校正了年龄、民族、体重指数、肥胖类型、月经状态及吸烟、饮酒后,肥胖(OR 2.202,95%CI 1.235-3.925)、腹型肥胖(OR 1.915,95%CI 1.241-2.955)是绝经前后女性正常高值血压独立危险因素;少量饮酒(OR 0.527,95%CI 0.313-0.887)是绝经前后女性正常高值血压的保护因素。结论绝经前后女性人群中正常高值血压,尤其是绝经前正常高值血压的检出率较高,而且影响最大的危险因素是肥胖、腹型肥胖,应对具有此特征的绝经前女性重点筛查正常高值血压,绝经后女性需重视合理饮食、体育锻炼,保持正常的体型,从而降低高血压的发生。Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of prehypertension in premenopausal women, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension in women. Methods A multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to investigate the demographic characteristics and lifestyle of local residents in 10 towns(streets)of three counties and two cities in Northern Xinjiang in 2015, and physical examinations such as height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were carried out. The influencing factors of prehypertension were analyzed by multi-stage logistic regression model. The diagnostic criteria of high normal blood pressure were systolic blood pressure 120-139 mmhg and/or diastolic blood pressure 80-89 mmhg. Results(1)A total of 1017 women aged 40-60 years(mean age 48.9±5.8 years old, 546 premenopausal and 471 postmenopausal)were investigated.Among them, 442(43.5%)had normal blood pressure, 333(32.7%)had prehypertension, and 242(23.8%)had hypertension.(2)The detection rate of high normal blood pressure was 32.7% in premenopausal women, 33.5% in premenopausal women and 31.8% in postmenopausal women. The detection rate of normal high blood pressure in premenopausal women was higher than that of the postmenopausal women, but the difference was not statistically significant(χ~2= 0.320,P = 0.572).(3)Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight(or 2.009, 95% CI 1.452-2.780), obesity(or 3.806, 95% CI 2.477-5.847), abdominal obesity(or 2.801, 95% CI2.803-3.767)were the risk factors of high normal blood pressure, while small amount of drinking(or 0.596, 95% CI 0.371-0.958)was the protective factor of high normal blood pressure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, nationality,body mass index, type of obesity, menstrual status, smoking and drinking, obesity(or 2.202, 95% CI 1.235-3.925)and abdominal obesity(or 1.915, 95% CI 1.241-2.955)were independent risk factors for high normal blood pressure in premenopausa

关 键 词：正常血压高值 流行病学 绝经前后女性 影响因素 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]