马克思恩格斯关于资本主义选举与市民社会关系的思想及当代启示——基于国家与社会关系的维度  

Marx and Engels’Thought on the Relationship Between Capitalist Election and Civil Society and Its Contemporary Enlightenment——The Dimension of the State-Society Relation

作　　者：靳晓霞 Jin Xiaoxia

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《社会主义研究》2020年第5期43-49,共7页Socialism Studies

基　　金：2013年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“马克思恩格斯列宁的选举思想及当代启示”(13CKS002);2020年度南京航空航天大学基本科研业务费基础研究(人文社科类)培育基金项目“习近平关于人民代表大会制度的重要论述研究”(ND2020015)。

摘　　要：马克思恩格斯认为,在资本主义社会,选举是市民社会对政治国家的直接的实际存在的关系,是市民社会借以成为政治委员会的政治行动,选举构成现实的市民社会的最根本的政治利益,争夺选举权的斗争实质是阶级斗争。资本主义选举产生掌握国家政治权力的主体,实现了政治国家与市民社会的分离,以不受限制的选举和被选举为基础的"真正的民主制"能消除资本主义存在的政治国家同市民社会的分离,使政治国家回归市民社会。在资本主义社会,选举以市民社会的利益为普遍原则,选举产生的代表代表其所属市民社会阶级阶层的利益,表明市民社会特殊利益与政治国家普遍利益的差别和联系,体现利益的金钱和财产在选举中扮演重要角色。资本主义选举体现和实现利益有历史根源和客观原因。废除农奴制使人类通过利益而联合起来,利益成为普遍原则和人类的纽带,封建奴役制的废除使利益的统治变为财产和金钱的统治,金钱的统治颠倒了人与物的关系,必然要让位于合乎人性、合乎理性的制度。马克思恩格斯关于资本主义选举与市民社会关系的思想对正确认识当代资本主义选举有重要的启示。资本主义选举实质是维护资产阶级统治,实现资产阶级的利益,选举受资本控制,使政治腐败合法化。Marx and Engels believed that in capitalist society,election is the direct and actual relationship between civil society and political state,and it is the political action of civil society to become political committee.Election constitutes the most fundamental political interest of realistic civil society,and the essence of struggle for the right to vote is class struggle.Capitalist election produces the main body that holds the political power of the state and realizes the separation of political state and civil society.The"real democracy"based on unrestricted election and being elected can eliminate the separation of political state and civil society existing in capitalism and make the political state return to civil society.In capitalist society,the election takes the interests of civil society as the general principle,and the elected representatives represent the interests of the class and stratum of the civil society.It shows the difference and connection between the special interests of civil society and the general interests of the political state,and the money and property reflecting the interests play an important role in the election.There are historical and objective reasons for capitalist election to embody and realize interests.The abolition of serfdom made mankind united through interests,and interests became the universal principle and the link of human beings.The abolition of feudal slavery changed the rule of interests into the rule of property and money.The rule of money reversed the relationship between people and things,and it was inevitable to give way to a system that was in line with human nature and rationality.Marx and Engels’thought on the relationship between capitalist election and civil society has important enlightenment for the correct understanding of contemporary capitalist election.The essence of capitalist election is to safeguard the rule of the bourgeoisie and realize the interests of the bourgeoisie.The election is controlled by capital and legalizes political corruption.

关 键 词：马克思恩格斯 选举 政治国家 市民社会 利益 

分 类 号：D25[政治法律—政治学]