1958—2018年宁夏麻疹发病及防控策略探讨  

Discussion on Measles Incidence and Control Strategy in Ningxia from 1958 to 2018

作　　者：石晓娟[1] 周路平[1] 周莉薇[1] 张颖[1] SHI Xiaojuan;ZHOU Luping;ZHOU Liwei;ZHANG Ying(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心,银川750004

出　　处：《宁夏医科大学学报》2020年第10期991-995,共5页Journal of Ningxia Medical University

摘　　要：目的确定现阶段宁夏麻疹发病的高危人群,为制定有效的防控措施提供依据。方法对宁夏1958—2018年麻疹发病情况和疫苗接种情况(报告接种率和调查接种率)进行描述分析,对相关防控措施进行描述汇总。结果1959年宁夏麻疹发病率最高,为2897.58/10万,之后呈现出总体下降的趋势,2012年发病率达到历史最低水平(0.009/10万),之后稍有回升,2018年报告发病率为0.343/10万。自2000年以来,宁夏22个县区麻疹类疫苗第一剂次和麻疹类疫苗第二剂次常规免疫报告接种率均在95%以上。宁夏分别于2005、2009、2010、2014和2015年开展了5次适龄儿童麻疹类补充免疫活动,共接种304.4万人,接种率均在95%以上。2017年接种率调查结果显示,宁夏7岁以下儿童各年龄组麻疹类疫苗调查接种率均在90%以上。2016—2018年宁夏麻疹发病率最高为0~岁组(14.64/10万),其中8月龄以下儿童发病率为7.53/10万,其次是1~岁组(5.17/10万)。结论宁夏免疫规划疫苗常规免疫工作较扎实,目标儿童麻疹类疫苗接种率较高,现阶段1岁以下儿童是宁夏麻疹发病的高发人群,流行季节应减少外出,降低暴露机会,并为8月龄儿童及时接种麻疹类疫苗,从而降低1岁以下儿童麻疹发病。Objective To determine the high-risk population of measles in Ningxia at this stage,and to provide the basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures.Methods The incidence of measles and vaccination(reported vaccination rate and investigated vaccination rate)in Ningxia from 1958 to 2018 were described and analyzed,and the relevant prevention and control measures were summarized.Results In 1959,the incidence of measles in Ningxia was the highest(2897.58/100000).After that,it showed a general downward trend.In 2012,the incidence rate reached the lowest level in history(0.009/100000).Then it rose slightly.In 2018,the reported incidence rate was 0.343/100000.Since 2000,the reported coverage rates of the first dose of measles vaccine and the second dose of measles vaccine in 22 counties and districts of Ningxia have been more than 95%.Ningxia carried out five measles supplementary immunization campaigns for school-age children in 2005,2009,2010,2014 and 2015.A total of 3044000 children were vaccinated,and the vaccination rate was above 95%.The results of the survey on the vaccination rate in 2017 showed that the vaccination rate of measles vaccines in all age groups of children under 7 years old in Ningxia was above 90%.The highest incidence of measles in Ningxia from 2016 to 2018 was in the 0-year-old group(14.64/100000).The incidence of measles in children under the age of 8 months was 7.53/100000,followed by the 1-year-old group(51.17/100000).Conclusion Ningxia immunization program vaccine routine immunization work is solid,and the target children measles vaccination rate is higher.At this stage,children under one year old are the high-risk population of measles in Ningxia.Reducing outgoing in the epidemic season,reducing exposure opportunities,meanwhile,measles vaccination should be given to 8-month-old children in time,to reduce the incidence of measles in children under one year old.

关 键 词：麻疹 发病率 防控 接种率 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]