实验动物替代技术研究  

Research on alternative technology of laboratory animals

作　　者：宋冰 辜吉秀[3] 汪永锋[2] 余四九[1] 张延英[2] 康万荣[2] 杨娇 SONG Bing;GU Jixiu;WANG Yongfeng;YU Sijiu;ZHANG Yanying;KANG Wanrong;YANG Jiao(Gansu Agriculture University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Gansu Industry Technology Center for Laboratory Animal,Lanzhou 730000;Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou 730000)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学,兰州730070 [2]甘肃中医药大学,甘肃省实验动物行业技术中心,兰州730000 [3]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国实验动物学报》2020年第5期680-687,共8页Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81760828),甘肃省中医药管理局科研课题(GZK-2019-26),中央引导地方科技发展专项兰白试验区实验动物技术创新服务平台建设(2018-2019)。

摘　　要：动物实验在医学研究过程中必不可少,需要使用大量实验动物处死取材。目前在替代实验动物使用方面已经出现多种类型的技术,与传统动物实验相比,这些技术许多情况下有更好的可重复性,而且便于实验条件的参数控制,还可以减少在实验过程中动物的使用及伦理问题。计算机模拟,信息学技术,3D细胞培养模型,新型培养基,动物源性抗体替代品等技术都可以减少动物使用数量,降低实验成本,保障实验结果准确性。同时由于动物和人类的种属差异性,会导致与人类健康相关研究的部分实验结果可靠性存疑。最后,实验动物替代技术虽然一定程度上有助于减少动物使用数量,但不能完全避免研究中对动物的使用。本文通过总结近年来相关替代技术的进展,为医学研究中动物实验提供思路,达到减少动物使用的目的,提高实验动物福利。Animal experiments are essential for medical research,which has led to the sacrifice of many laboratory animals(LA).However,various emerging techniques can be used to replace experiments requiring LA sacrifice or products of LA sacrifice.In many instances,these techniques provide more reproducibility and parameter control than experiments involving LA or LA products,and in particular can reduce the sacrifice of LA and avoid issues with ethical approval during the experiment.In silico simulation,informatics,3D cell culture models,new types of cell culture medium,and products of animal-friendly affinity reagents are some innovative technologies that can reduce the sacrifice of LA,reduce the cost of experiments,and ensure the accuracy of experimental result.At the same time,owing to species differences between animals and humans,the reliability of some experimental result related to human health has also been questioned.Finally,alternatives to animal experiments help to reduce the number of animals required for research to a certain extent,but cannot completely eliminate the need for animals in research.This article summarizes the progress of related alternative technologies in recent years,provides ideas for the development of relevant experiments in medical research,achieves the purpose of reducing LA sacrifice,and improves the welfare of LA.

关 键 词：实验动物 替代技术 3R原则 

分 类 号：Q95-33[生物学—动物学]