个人更生类型程序的中国化路径  

The Chinese Route of Rehabilitation Proceeding for Individuals

作　　者：刘静[1] LIU Jing

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学个人破产法研究中心

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2020年第5期16-43,共28页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：浙江金融资产交易中心股份有限公司委托北京外国语大学个人破产法研究中心的课题“中国个人破产免责制度研究”(项目批准号:251079900005)。

摘　　要：透视现代国家个人破产程序的制度框架,无论是慷慨的美国破产法,新兴的欧洲消费者破产法,还是日本、韩国等,都在通过推动和完善更生类型的程序,促进破产债务人的全面复苏和重新开始。更生程序符合我国传统法律文化理念对能够清偿则应当清偿理念的深度认同。我国企业破产和个人破产统一立法的选择,新冠肺炎疫情对我国中小企业与经济民生的重大影响,以及我国破产债务人的多种形态,提示着我国个人债务人应当适用不同类型的拯救程序。在制定统一破产法典之初,本文提出了我国更生类程序不按照个人和企业的界限分别进行构建的一种可能和选择,不同的债务人可以按照债务规模、财产规模和案件复杂程度分别统一适用标准重整程序、简易重整程序和个人更生程序,辅之以独立清晰的个人破产免责、自由财产和失权制度,以及依据个人破产特殊价值机理而设计的特殊程序规则,才能在保障更生制度基本功能的前提下,实现制度的最大效益,而又不至于造成程序的繁琐紧张、选择困境和债务人在程序选择上的过度套利。在此基础上,本文就简易重整程序和个人更生程序最为基本的制度构造和实践中可能遭遇的重要问题,包括清偿期限和清偿额度、程序的简化、程序主导者等,分别进行了必要的论述。Thorough out the institutional frameworks of modern personal bankruptcy proceedings,the liberal American bankruptcy law,the emerging European bankruptcy law paradigm,and Japan,South Korea and other countries that have established the personal bankruptcy systems are concerned to develop the route of personal relief through the rehabilitation proceedings.The rehabilitation proceedings are in line with the traditional legal culture of our country,which insists the concept of"can pay,should pay".Given the legislative choice of unifying the bankruptcy legal proceedings of enterprises and individuals,the significant impacts of the Coronavirus on China’s SMEs and the people’s livelihood,as well as the truth that there are various forms of debtors in China,China’s individual debtors should be given different types of proceedings to obtain relief.Thus,to maximize the efficiency of proceedings and conserve judicial resources,the optimal design is to apply enterprise reorganization proceeding,general rehabilitation proceeding and simplified rehabilitation proceeding by scale of debts and complexity of the cases in our country,rather than construct the insolvency proceedings in strict accordance with the division between individual and enterprise.The general rehabilitation proceeding and the simplified rehabilitation proceeding focus on different aims,so this paper analyzes the fundamental system structure and prominent practical issues,including the repayment term,the simplification of proceeding,and the administration of proceedings.

关 键 词：更生 个人破产 重整 消费者破产 中小微企业 

分 类 号：D912.29[政治法律—民商法学]