黑龙江省松嫩平原西部玉米丰产增效栽培模式效果研究  

Effect of Maize High Yield and Efficient Cultivation Model in the Western Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：姚玉波[1,2] 张树权[2] 赵东升[2] 于莹 郭永利[2] 刘岩[2] 陈思[2] 兰运财[4] YAO Yu-bo;ZHANG Shu-quan;ZHAO Dong-sheng;YU Ying;GUO Yong-li;LIU Yan;CHEN Si;LAN Yun-cai(Postdoctoral Programme of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Institute of Industrial Crops,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;School of Basic Medicine,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;Fuyu Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Fuyu 161200,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院博士后科研工作站,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]贵州中医药大学基础医学院,贵州贵阳550025 [4]黑龙江省富裕县农业技术推广中心,黑龙江富裕161200

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2020年第10期11-15,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300505,2018YFD0300102);黑龙江省农业科学院科研项目(2019JJPY004,2020FJZX006)。

摘　　要：针对黑龙江省松嫩平原西部干旱、土壤保墒能力差、种植密度偏低、生产成本高等影响玉米生产的主要问题,在开展扩垄增密技术、肥料管理技术、生物防治技术、水分管理技术、土壤保墒技术和机械化粒收技术研究的基础上,构建玉米丰产增效栽培模式。结果表明:与当地普遍采用的玉米生产模式相比,丰产增效栽培模式水分利用效率提高0.95%;磷肥、钾肥的表观利用率(ARE)和肥料农学利用率(AE)分别提高48.61%和6.26 kg·kg^-1,56.72%和8.28 kg·kg^-1;热量资源利用效率提高0.95%;产量提高92 kg·hm^-2,增产0.95%,累计增加经济效益1501元·hm^-2。Aiming at the main problems of maize production involving climate drought,poor soil water storage conservation,low planting density and high production cost in the Western Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang Province,based on the key cultivation techniques including ridge expansion and density increase,fertilizer management,biological control,water management,soil moisture conservation and mechanized grain harvesting,the cultivation technology model of maize high yield and efficient was builded.The results showed that water utilization efficiency of maize high yield and efficient cultivation model increased 0.95%,phosphate and potassium apparent recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency enhanced 48.61%and 6.26 kg·kg^-1,56.72%and 8.28 kg·kg^-1 respectively,heat resource utilization efficiency increased 0.95%,yield and benefits enhanced 92 kg·hm^-2(0.95%)and 1501 yuan·hm^-2 compared with locally adopted maize production model.

关 键 词：玉米 松嫩平原西部 扩垄增密 蓄水保墒 栽培模式 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]