5349例湿疹患儿血过敏原检测及分析  

Detection and analysis of serum allergens in 5 349 children with eczema

作　　者：黄迎[1] 钱秋芳[1] 张志红[1] 杨芸[1] 林晓[1] HUANG Ying;QIAN Qiufang;ZHANG Zhihong;YANG Yun;LIN Xiao(Department of Dermatology,Shanghai Children′s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200040,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市儿童医院,上海交通大学附属儿童医院皮肤科,上海200040

出　　处：《徐州医科大学学报》2020年第10期768-772,共5页Journal of Xuzhou Medical University

摘　　要：目的检测湿疹患儿常见的过敏原,寻找儿童湿疹可能的过敏促发因素,为治疗及预防提供依据。方法选取2014年1月—2019年1月于上海交通大学附属儿童医院皮肤科就诊的5439例湿疹患儿。按年龄将湿疹患儿分为3组:<1岁组1674例,1~3岁组1818例,>3岁组1857例。采用免疫印迹法检测患儿的血清总IgE,定量检测人血清中特异性IgE(sIgE),并在不同年龄组之间进行比较。结果所有患儿中血清总IgE水平升高3179例(59.43%),血清sIgE阳性4037例(75.47%),食物性过敏原阳性率(65.17%)高于吸入性过敏原(42.25%),2者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中食物性过敏原中最常见的依次为牛奶(47.84%)、鸡蛋白(36.42%)、牛肉(10.23%)、腰果(7.95%),吸入性过敏原最常见的依次为屋尘螨/粉尘螨(34.68%)、屋尘(9.52%)、猫毛发皮屑(3.59%)、霉菌组合(烟曲霉等)(2.94%)。不同年龄段患儿对应的主要致敏原不同。<1岁组和1~3岁组患儿以牛奶、鸡蛋白和屋尘螨/粉尘螨为主;>3岁患儿以屋尘螨/粉尘螨、牛奶和鸡蛋白为主,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论牛奶、鸡蛋白和屋尘螨/粉尘螨是各组湿疹患儿中最常见且致敏级别较高的3种过敏原,随着年龄的增长,吸入性过敏原逐步取代食物成为主要过敏原。血清sIgE检测为湿疹患儿提示了相关过敏原,可以针对性地回避相关过敏原。Objective To detect common allergens for children with eczema and identify the possible factors that trigger allergy,so as to provide evidence for treatment and prevention of eczema.Methods A total of 5439 children with eczema who were treated in Department of Dermatology,Shanghai Children′s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 2014 to January 2019 were enrolled.They were divided into three groups according to their ages:group<1 year old(n=1674),group 1-3 years old(n=1818)and group>3 years old(n=1857).Their levels of serum total IgE were detected by immunoblotting,and the levels of serum specific IgE(sIgE)were quantified.The results were compared among groups at different ages.Results The level of total serum IgE increased in 3179 children(59.43%),and the positive rate of sIgE was 75.47%(4037/5349),where the positive rate of food allergen(65.17%)was higher than that of aeroallergen(42.25%).The common food allergens were milk(47.84%),egg white(36.42%),beef(10.23%)and cashew(7.95%).The common aeroallergens were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae(DP/DF)(34.68%),house dust(9.52%),cat dandruff(3.59%)and mould combination(Aspergillus fumigatus,etc.)(2.94%).Differences in main allergens were found in eczema children at different age group.For children under 1 year old and aging 1 to 3 years old,their main allergens were milk,egg white and DP/DF.For children over 3 years old,DP/DF,milk and egg white were the main allergens.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Milk,egg white and DP/DF are the most common allergens for eczema children,which may result in allergy at a high risk.With the growth of children,aeroallergens gradually become the main allergen instead.Serum sIgE detection can indicate the allergens involved,which is helpful to avoid allergy.

关 键 词：儿童 湿疹 血清过敏原 特异性IGE 

分 类 号：R75[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]