低磷胁迫对辣椒苗期生长和生理特性的影响  

Effects of Low Phosphorus Stress on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Pepper at Seedling Stage

作　　者：唐荣莉[1,2] 王春萍 王红娟[1,2] 吴红 韩垚 林清[1,2] 雷开荣 TANG Rong-li;WANG Chun-ping;WANG Hong-juan;WU Hong;HAN Yao;LIN Qin;LEI Kai-rong(Biotechnology Research Center,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture,Chongqing 401329,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院生物技术研究中心,重庆401329 [2]逆境农业研究重庆市重点实验室,重庆401329

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第9期1933-1942,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：重庆市科研院所绩效激励引导专项“辣椒耐低磷品种筛选及耐低磷生理生态响应特征”(cstc2017jxjl80008);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-24-A-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示不同磷胁迫强度水平下辣椒的生长及生理特性变化规律,并筛选出对低磷具备指示作用的指标。【方法】以西南地区常见栽培加工品种辣椒114、115为材料,通过营养液培养的方式进行4个不同磷浓度水平处理,研究辣椒苗期生长过程、叶绿素含量及荧光特征、叶面积特征、根系形态特征,以及不同部位生物量分配、磷元素累积和磷元素吸收利用特征。【结果】缺磷降低了辣椒的株高、根系直径、地上部和整株干重、磷吸收量等,增加了辣椒干重的根冠比、细根的根长,提高了植株的磷利用效率。辣椒114和115的各指标总体趋势表现一致,但115对磷素缺乏的响应更为迅速,极端低磷胁迫下,114的吸收效率和利用效率更高。【结论】正常营养液1%水平的磷浓度可用于辣椒苗期耐低磷鉴定,低磷处理28~30 d可与CK表现出显著差别。低磷供应对辣椒的生长、光合、根系特征,生物量分配及利用特征均造成一定程度影响。平均直径、高度、叶面积、根/茎/叶干重、根/茎/叶的磷元素比例(%)、根/茎/叶磷累积量等表观性状指标可作为对低磷具备指示作用的特征因子。【Objective】The present paper aimed to reveal the growth and physiological characteristics of pepper under different phosphorus stress levels,and find indicators that sensitive to low phosphorus.【Method】Two common pepper varieties 114 and 115 in southwest China were cultivated by hydroponics under four levels of phosphorus.The plant growth,chlorophyll contents,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,leaf areas,root morphologies,dry matter and phosphorus accumulation of different parts of the plant samples were measured and analyzed.【Result】The results demonstrated that the plant height,root diameter,dry weight above ground,phosphorus absorption efficiency were lower under phosphorus deficiency compared to normal phosphorus level,while the root-shoot ratio of the dry weight and length of fine root were higher.Meanwhile,the phosphorus utilization efficiency of the two pepper varieties were improved under low phosphorus environment.114 and 115 responded to phosphorus deficiency similarly,while 115 responded more sensitivily.Under extremely low phosphorus conditions(0.01%,and 0.1%P-concentration),114 has higher absorption efficiency and utilization efficiency.【Conclusion】This experiment indicated that the 1%P-concentration is suitable for the identification of low phosphorus tolerance of pepper at seedling stage,and significant differences can be observed after 28-30 days’treatment with CK.Phosphorus deficiency affected growth,photosynthetic characteristics,root morphology,the biomass distribution and utilization characteristics of peppers.The average diameter,root dry weight,stem dry weight,leaf dry weight,height,leaf area,phosphorus ratio of root,stem and leaf,phosphorus content of root,stem and leaf can be used as characteristic factors for indicating phosphorus deficiency stress.

关 键 词：辣椒 低磷胁迫 苗期生长 生理特性 

分 类 号：S143.2[农业科学—肥料学]