生物农药与生物质发酵肥对烟草根结线虫病害防控效果研究  

Prevention and Control Effect by Using Bio-pesticides and Biomass Fermented Fertilizers for Tobacco Root-knot Nematode Disease in Field

作　　者：黄坤[1] 余萍[2] 阙劲松[1] 罗红梅[2] 刘春明[1] 陈丽华 张绍松[2] HUANG Kun;YU Ping;QUE Jin-song;LUO Hong-mei;LIU Chun-ming;CHEN Li-hua;ZHANG Shao-song(Honghe Company of Yunnan Tobacco Corporation,Yunnan Mile 652399,China;Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司红河州公司,云南弥勒652399 [2]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所/农业农村部西南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室/云南省农业生物技术重点实验室,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第9期1977-1983,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460470);云南省烟草公司科技计划项目(2016YN09);农业部科教司引进交流处项目(2017/2018,37/12-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】设计生物农药与生物质发酵肥配合施用,研究对烟草根结线虫病害具有显著防控效果和环境友好型的措施。【方法】选取根结线虫危害较重的烟田,用3种生物农药与4种生物质发酵肥的不同组合,分别在栽前、栽后45、90 d及采烤结束的土壤进行取样并检测J2数量;调查病情指数;测定产量和测评产值。【结果】根际土壤中在栽前与采烤结束时的各处理间J2数量差异不显著,栽后45 d差异极显著,栽后90 d差异显著;综合防控各处理间病情指数差异极显著,肯邦线尊和丁硫甲维盐分别与油萝卜秸秆发酵肥配合施用,及发酵肥单独施用的防控效果较好,相对防效达50.4%~67.1%;减少复混肥施用量28.9%,产量增加531~744 kg/hm^2,产值增加16890~23694元/hm^2。【结论】育苗末期、栽前和团棵期分别将阿维菌素类生物农药与油萝卜秸秆发酵肥配施,减少复混肥施用量28.9%,可有效防控烟草根结线虫病害,产量与产值显著提高。【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore measures of obvious prevention and control effect for root-knot nematode disease.【Method】The field with heavy root-knot nematode disease in last year was chosen as experimental site.The test treatments were conducted by using 3 bio-pesticides and 4 biomass fermented fertilizers,and the soil samples were collected from the tobacco plant rhizosphere respectively during the 4 phases,before transplanting,after transplanted 45,90 days and after harvested tobacco leaves.The second stage of juvenile(J2)amount in unit volume soil samples(50 mL)was tested.The tobacco plant root systems were dug out and checked their infected degree of root-knot disease after tobacco leaves harvested.The roasted tobacco leaves of replication plots were weighed and appraised output value.【Result】The differences of J2 amount in unit volume soil samples of test treantments were not significant in the phases before transplanted and after harvested tobacco leaves,but were very significant in the phases after transplanted 45 days and significant in the phases before transplanted 90 days.Under the complex controlling measures,the disease index differences were very significant between test treatments.The prevention and control effects of Kenbangxianzun and Butylthiomethyl salt employed to rational use with oil radish straw fermented fertilizer,and oil radish straw fermented fertilizer employed alone,were better than other treatments.The relative control effect reached to 50.4%-67.1%.Under the condition reduced 28.9%chemical compound fertilizer,the yield of tobacco leaves was increased 531-744 kg/hm^2,and output value was increased 16890-23694.0 Yuan/hm^2.【Conclusion】On the course of cultivated tobacco,the avermectins pesticides were employed to rational use with oil radish straw fermented fertilizeron the late seedlings,before transplanted and rosette stage,respectively,and the chemical compound fertilizer might be reduced 28.9%.Therefore,the root-knot nematode disease could be e

关 键 词：生物农药 生物质发酵肥 防控 烟草 根结线虫 

分 类 号：S436[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]