紫色土塘泥微生物群落季节变化及其与环境因子的关系  

Seasonal Variations of Microbial Community and Their Relationships with Environmental Factors in Purple Soil Pond Mud

作　　者：李天才[1,2,3] 赵晴云 江瑞 付梅[1,2] 苏胜齐 LI Tian-cai;ZHAO Qing-yun;JIANG Rui;FU Mei;SU Sheng-qi(College of Animal Science and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China;Research Central of Fishery Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China;Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,LTD.,Sichuan Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物科技学院,重庆400700 [2]西南大学渔业资源环境研究中心,重庆400700 [3]雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司,四川成都610000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第9期2082-2087,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31472311);信豚创新基金项目(20160106)。

摘　　要：【目的】本文研究了紫色土塘泥微生物群落特征及其与环境因子之间的关系。【方法】以微碱性紫色土为底质模拟紫色土池塘养殖过程,测定了春、夏和秋季塘泥环境因子和微生物种类,并采用冗余分析进行了相关分析。【结果】①塘泥SOM、TN、TP、TK等营养成分均呈升高趋势,春夏期间积累明显较多。②塘泥微生物(好氧或兼性厌氧)密度逐渐降低,物种多样性逐步升高,群落均匀度变化不大。③春、夏和秋季塘泥中变形菌门和拟杆菌门均为优势门类;塘泥中不仅检测到硝化菌、放线菌等对渔业有益的益生菌,也检测到黄杆菌属、肠杆菌属、气单胞菌和假单胞菌等致病微生物。④RDA分析表明,SOM、TP和AP是影响塘泥微生物群落多样性的主要环境因子,且与微生物密度显著负相关(P<0.05);温度、pH和AP是影响丰度较高和功能微生物的主要环境因子,与多数微生物显著负相关(P<0.05),与益生菌均呈正相关,与肠杆菌除外的有害微生物均显著负相关(P<0.05)。⑤益生菌丰度在夏季塘泥中最高,春季塘泥中最低,且有害菌丰度在春季塘泥中最高。【结论】紫色土塘泥环境因子是微生物群落结构的主要影响因素,而塘泥中微生物群落既是生态修复功能菌库,也是养殖水产品病原库;其中春季塘泥中有害菌丰度最高,所以春季应加强疾病预防措施。【Objectives】This paper aimed to study on the relationships between pond mud microbial community characteristics and environmental factors of the purple soil pond mud in spring,summer and autumn.【Method】With simulating the process of fishing in purple soil pond,the environmental factors of the purple soil pond mud were measured,and the microbial community was detected by high throughput sequencing.Then,the relationships between them were studied by redundancy analysis(RDA).【Result】(i)Nutrient content,like SOM,TN,TP,TK and so on,were all on the rise,and the accumulation of them was highest between spring and summer.(ii)The microbe(included aerobe and amphimicrobe)density decreased gradually,but the species diversities increased gradually,the microbiological uniformity had no much changing.(iii)Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant categories in the three seasons.Nitrifying bacteria and Actinomycete,were beneficial for fisheries,were detected.Flavobacterium,Enterobacter,Aeomonas and Pseudomonadaceae which were pathogenic microorganism,were detected,too.(iv)RDA analysis revealed that SOM,TN and AP which were main environmental factors affecting the microbial community diversity,had a significant negative correlation with microbe density and strong correlation with the other diversities(P<0.05).TN,AN,TP and AP which were main environmental factors affecting the main and function microorganism.They had significant negative correlation with most microorganisms,positive correlation with probiotics,and significant negative correlation with pathogenic microorganism which did not include Enterobacter(P<0.05).(v)The abundance of probiotics were the highest at summer and the lowest at spring,and the taxa abundance of pathogenic microorganism were the highest at spring.【Conclusion】The environmental factors were the main influence factors of the microbial community in purple soil pond mud,and the microbial community were the sources of probiotics and pathogenic bacteria.Because of the high disease risk

关 键 词：紫色土塘泥 微生物群落 环境因子 多样性 季节变化 RDA 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]