低温停食和复温后投喂频率对奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼生长的影响  

Effects of Feeding Frequency After Food Deprivation with Low Temperature and Rewarming on Growth of Hybrid Tilapia Juvenile(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)

作　　者：张宇航 高扬 李文红 杨卓 温晴宇 徐鹏 ZHANG Yu-hang;GAO Yang;LI Wen-hong;YANG Zhuo;WEN Qing-yu;XU Peng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Aboratory of Aquatic Healthy Breeding and Nutrition Regulation,Guangxi Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院/广西高校水生生物健康养殖与营养调控重点实验室,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第9期2125-2131,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西科技创新驱动专项(桂科AA17204095-2);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西罗非鱼创新团队建设项目(nycytxgxcxtd-08-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究低温停食和复温后投喂频率对奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼生长的影响,为建立奥尼罗非鱼越冬精准饲养技术提供科学依据。【方法】模拟罗非鱼幼鱼越冬生产实际情况,开展奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼(平均重15.33±0.60 g/尾)在经历低温(12℃)和停食胁迫2周后,恢复常温(复温,25℃)给予不同投喂频率[第1组(RF1)4次/2 d、第2组(RF2)2次/d、第3组(RF3)3次/d和第4组(RF4)4次/d]饲养3周试验,以常温下投喂2次/d为对照(FC),期间每周监测奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼的体重、肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)、肥满度(CF)、摄食率(FR)、饲料效率(FE)和特定生长率(SGR)等生长指标。【结果】低温停食2周后试验组奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼的生长指标均显著低于FC组(P<0.05,下同);复温投喂3周期间,试验组各生长指标均随着投喂频率的提高得到明显恢复,试验结束时RF3和RF4组奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼的体重、HSI、CF和VSI恢复至FC组水平,但仅RF4组奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼的体重、HSI和CF及RF3组奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼的HSI高于FC组;投喂频率的增加对FR、FE和SGR均有提升作用,其中FR排序为RF4>RF3>RF2>FC>RF1,组间差异均达显著水平,且第1周内RF4组奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼的SGR和FE显著高于其余试验组;RF2组持续投喂1周后,于第2周发生补偿生长,第3周时SGR回落至FC组水平,且前2周出现FR和FE显著高于FC组现象,但最终体重显著低于FC组,表明低温饥饿胁迫后RF2组幼鱼发生部分补偿生长,且发生时间在胁迫解除后约1周,此条件下的补偿生长是由FR和FE同时提高而获得。【结论】奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼在低温和饥饿胁迫双重作用下依靠同时提高其FR和FE获得约3周时长的补偿生长,且在投喂频率为2次/d时发生补偿生长时滞;在补偿生长期间提高投喂频率可提高奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼的FR和FE,其中4次/d的投喂频率可使奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼SGR、FR和FE大幅提高,可恢复体重、HSI、VSI和CF,投喂效果最佳。【Objective】The present parer aimed to investigate the effects of feeding frequency after food deprivation with low temperature and rewarming on the growth of hybrid tilapia juvenile(Oreochromis niloticus♀×O.aureus♂),and to provide scientific basis for establishing the accurate feeding technology of its overwinter aquaculture.【Method】In order to simulate the production of juvenile tilapia in winter,the juvenile tilapia(average weight 15.33±0.60 g/ind)was fed at different feeding frequencies(group 1(RF1)4 times/2 d,group 2(RF2)2 times/d,group 3(RF3)3 times/d,group 4(RF4)4 times/d)for 3 weeks,after two weeks of low temperature(12℃)and starvation stress,normal temperature(rewarming,25℃)was restored.The fish were fed twice a day at normal temperature as control(FC).The experiment lasted for 5 weeks,and three parallels were set.The body weight,hepatosomatic index(HSI),viscerosomatic index(VSI),condition factor(CF),feeding rate(FR),feed efficiency(FE)and specific growth rate(SGR)were monitored every week.【Result】The growth indexes of juvenile fish in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the FC group(P<0.05,the same as below)after 2 weeks of stress.During 3 weeks of rewarming,the growth indexes of the experimental group were significantly recovered with the increase of feeding frequency.At the end of the experiment,the body weight,HSI,CF and VSI of the groups RF3 and RF4 returned to the level of the group FC,However,only the weight,HSI,CF and HSI of RF4 group were higher than those of FC group.The increase of feeding frequency promoted FR,FE and SGR.The order of FR levels in each group was:RF4>RF3>RF2>FC>RF1,with significant difference between the groups.In the first week,SGR and FE levels in group RF4 were significantly higher than those in other groups.With the continuous feeding for one week,group RF2 occurred compensation growth in the second week,the third week SGR back control rate.In addition,FR and FE levels in the first two weeks were significantly higher than those

关 键 词：奥尼罗非鱼 低温胁迫 饥饿胁迫 复温投喂 投喂频率 补偿生长 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]