新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的多种影像学表现  

A variety of imaging manifestations of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

作　　者：王芳[1] Wang Fang(Department of Ultrasound,General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300052,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学总医院超声科,天津300052

出　　处：《影像研究与医学应用》2020年第21期3-5,共3页Journal of Imaging Research and Medical Applications

摘　　要：新生儿弥漫性缺氧缺血性脑损伤导致新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病。基于低血压程度、损伤持续时间和脑损伤时间的不同,脑损伤表现出四种不同的模式。颅脑超声检查和X射线计算机断层成像显示脑室周围白质软化、生发基质出血及脑积水。评价脑损伤模式最敏感的方法是磁共振成像。早产儿轻度低血压引起脑室周围损伤;重度低血压引起小脑、深部灰质和脑干梗死。足月新生儿轻度低血压导致局部皮质和皮质下损伤,重度低血压导致海马、侧丘脑、感觉运动皮质和皮质脊髓束特征性损伤。及时认识这些影像学表现有助于排除脑病的其他原因,影响预后,并促进早期治疗。Diffuse hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the neonate results in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Because of differences in severity of hypotension,duration of insult and brain maturity at time of insult,there are four distinCT patterns of brain injury.Cranial ultrasonography and computed tomography reveal periventricular leukomalacia,germinal matrix hemorrhage,and hydrocephalus.The most sensitive modality for evaluating the patterns of brain injury is Magnetic resonance imaging.In preterm neonates,mild hypotension causes periventricular injury;severe hypotension results in infarCTion of the cerebellum,deep gray matter and brainstem.In term neonates,mild hypotension causes parasagittal ortical and subcortical injury;severe hypotension causes charaCTeristic injury of the hippocampi,lateral thalami,sensorimotor cortex and corticospinal traCTs.Prompt recognition of these imaging findings can help exclude other causes of encephalopathy,affeCT prognosis,and facilitate earlier treatment.

关 键 词：新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 US CT MR 

分 类 号：R445[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学]