废弃一次性医用口罩的回收利用与化学升级再造  

Recycling and Chemical Upcycling of Waste Disposable Medical Masks

作　　者：陈海明 董侠[1,2] 赵莹 王笃金[1,2] Hai-ming Chen;Xia Dong;Ying Zhao;Du-jin Wang(CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院化学研究所北京分子科学国家研究中心中国科学院工程塑料重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《高分子学报》2020年第12期1295-1306,I0001,共13页Acta Polymerica Sinica

摘　　要：自新冠肺炎疫情以来,全球对一次性医用口罩(disposable medical masks,DMMs)等医疗物资的需求不断攀升,根据流行性传染病专家预判,在未来很长一段时间内,通过佩戴口罩阻隔细菌和病毒等将成为生活常态.如何处理大量废弃DMMs,是全球各个国家和地区面临的重要课题.本综述从化学升级再造(chemical upcycling)的角度出发,综述和展望了废弃DMMs的主体材料(聚丙烯,PP)回收的现状和未来升级再造的途径,包括机械共混、化学改性、可控降解、物理加工改性等,并分析了各种途径的优劣势,指出将废弃PP通过化学方法有选择性地转换为产品种类单一的相关化学品、燃料和高附加值的相关材料,是实现将废弃DMMs变“废”为“宝”和可持续发展的根本方法.Since the COVID-19 epidemic,the global demand for medical supplies,e.g.,disposable medical masks(DMMs),have been largely increasing.Blocking bacteria and viruses via wearing masks,according to the pre-judgment of epidemic infectious disease experts,will be a normal phenomenon within a long future period.Therefore,how to process the large number of waste DMMs properly is becoming an important issue for various countries and regions all over the world.From the view of chemical upcycling,this paper reviews the current status of recycling,and prospects the upcycling of polypropylene(PP),which is the main component of DMMs.The upcycling methodologies here mainly include mechanical blending,chemical modification,controllable degradation and physical process modification.Both the advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies have been discussed based on the analysis of technological feasibility and economic benefit.On the basis of the formation of public awareness of recycling and treatment of waste DMMs,by exploring the mechanism of decomposition,reconstruction and re-functionalization of PP,developing new selective green catalysts,degradants,in situ collaborative detection technologies,utilizing the residual value of the existing waste DMMs,etc.will greatly promote the upcycling of waste DMMs.It is believed that converting waste PP selectively into a single type of chemicals,fuels and high value-added material by chemical ways is the fundamental method to realize the transformation of waste DMMs from“waste”to“treasure”and sustainable development.

关 键 词：废弃一次性医用口罩 聚丙烯 回收利用 化学升级再造 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]