崇圣:汉儒言说策略的渊源与建构  

Saint-Worshiping:The Origin and Construction of the Strategy of Confucian Scholars in Han Dynasty

作　　者：张金梅 ZHANG Jin-mei(College of Literature and Communication,Hubei Minzu University,Hubei Enshi 445000)

机构地区：[1]湖北民族大学文学与传媒学院,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第5期38-43,49,共7页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“汉代经学与中国文论”(13CZW009)。

摘　　要：从汉字的构成和使用方法上看,“圣”虽有形声、假借、会意多种解释,但都指向一种与听觉有关的能力。在天命无常、民神不杂的远古时代,“圣”逐步由通天或通神的特殊能力向敬德、多能的理想人格转化。迨至春秋战国,“圣人”受到儒、道、墨、法诸家普遍崇尚,并被寄托着各种政治理想。有汉一代,孔子由儒家之“圣人”变成天下之“圣人”和“玄圣素王”,体现出鲜明的“唯圣”趋向“唯神”的色彩。一些有识之士虽已认识到其中某些不合理的成分,但其“圣化”“神化”的理论建构与封建王权水乳交融,形成一种话语规则,对后世产生了深远影响。From the perspective of the composition and usage of Chinese characters,“saint”can be interpreted in many ways,such as pictophonetically,associatively,or as a borrowed word,with all related to a kind of hearing ability.In the ancient times when destiny was changeable and the people and gods were not mixed,“the saint”gradually changed from having special ability to communicate with heaven or god to the ideal personality of being virtuous and versatile.Till Spring and Autumn,Warring States period,“the saint”was widely admired by Confucianists,Taoists,Mohists and Legalists,and was entrusted with a variety of political ideals.During the Han Dynasty,Confucius changed from“the sage”of Confucianism to“the sage”,“the black sage”and“the civil king”of the world,reflecting a distinctive tendency from“the only saint”to“the only god”.Although some insightful people had recognized some unreasonable elements,the theoretical construction of“sanctification”and“deification”was in perfect harmony with the feudal royalty and formed a discourse rule,which had a profound impact on later generations.

关 键 词：圣 尊天 崇圣 唯圣 唯神 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]