秦始皇兵马俑一号坑出土弓韬表面纺织品残留物的红外光谱及显微分析研究  

FTIR Spectral and Microscope Analysis of Textile Residues on the Surface of the Bag for Storing Bows Excavated From Qin Shihuang’s Terra-Cotta Warriors Museum

作　　者：杨璐[1,3,4] 黄建华 申茂盛 于孟楠[1,2] 王丽琴 卫引茂 YANG Lu;HUANG Jian-hua;SHEN Mao-sheng;YU Meng-nan;WANG Li-qin;WEI Yin-mao(College of Culture Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China;The Museum of the Terracotta and Horses of Qin Shihuang,Xi’an 710600,China;College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for the Preservation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage,Xi’an 710069,China;Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Polychrome Pottery Conservation of State Administration of Culture Heritage,Xi’an 710600,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710069 [2]秦始皇帝陵博物院,陕西西安710600 [3]西北大学化学与材料科学学院,陕西西安710127 [4]文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [5]陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地,陕西西安710600

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2020年第11期3623-3627,共5页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21175104);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019ZDLSF07-05)资助。

摘　　要：为了研究秦始皇兵马俑一号坑第三次发掘出土弓韬遗迹表面的纺织品残留物,使用红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、三维视频显微镜对其进行了分析。发现纺织品残留物的红外光谱在876 cm^-1波数处有纤维素中β-D-葡萄糖苷键的特征吸收振动谱带,在1 080 cm^-1波数处和1 033 cm^-1波数处有纤维素中葡萄糖环中C-O醚键的伸缩振动峰。结合样品红外谱图在动物纤维应有的峰位1 658 cm^-1左右和1 534 cm^-1左右未出现吸收峰推测弓韬表面的纺织品残留物为棉、麻类植物纤维编织而成。此外,样品红外光谱在1 637 cm^-1处有木质素中共轭羰基和C=C伸缩振动的重叠吸收峰,以及1 434 cm^-1处有纤维素与木质素中CH2的弯曲振动峰。基于棉纤维在1 434 cm^-1左右无吸收峰,亚麻纤维在1 730和1 434 cm^-1附近有吸收峰,而苎麻纤维只在1 434 cm^-1附近有吸收峰的判断标准,推测弓韬遗迹表面的纺织品残留物为苎麻织物。扫描电镜分析发现样品表面形态均一,呈细微片状垒结,未见平行排列的纤维以及表面的节理信息。判断是因纺织品长时间埋藏、降解,导致纤维物理结构消失所致。三维视频显微镜测量结果表明,纺织品残留物的纺织密度为9×9根·cm^-2,与其他遗址出土的纺织品痕迹相比经纬稀疏,密度并未达到制作服饰的要求。经纬线直径分别为(0.965±0.029)和(0.982±0.019) mm(95%置信水平),且通过独立样本t检验发现经、纬线径差异不显著。根据以上分析结果得出了弓韬制作之初在其表面曾缠绕过苎麻织物的结论,推测其用途为包裹以便于持握及加固弓韬。For the investigation of the textile residues on the surface of the bag for storing bows in Qin dynasty,which was discovered in the third archaeological excavation of Qin Shihuang’s Terra-Cotta Warriors,the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)and Three-dimensional Video Microscope were used in the analysis.From the residues’Fourier transform infrared spectra,it can be seen the features of plant fiber,the vibration bands of the beta-D-glucoside bond in cellulose at 876 cm^-1 wave number,and the stretching vibration peaks of the C—O ether bond in the glucose ring of cellulose at 1080 cm^-1 wave number and 1033 cm-1 wave number.There are some other characteristic peaks in the spectra,for example,the peak of conjugated carbonyl and C C stretching vibration in lignin in 1637 cm^-1,bending vibration peaks of CH 2 in cellulose and lignin in 1434 cm^-1.According to the infrared spectrum characteristics of several common plant fibers in ancient,it was found that the textile trace on the surface of the bag for storing bows was closer to ramie.The microstructure of the textile residues cannot be seen under the SEM.The surface morphology of the samples was uniform,showing a fine sheet-like barrier junction,and no parallel arrangement of fibers and surface joint information was found.The disappearance of the physical structure of fibers was due to the long burial and degradation of textiles.The density of longitude and weft is 9×9 cm^2.Compared with the textile traces unearthed from other sites,the textile density of the sample does not meet the requirements of making clothing for sparse in longitude and latitude.The diameter of the textile longitude and weft is(0.965±0.029)and(0.982±0.019)mm respectively,95%confidence level.The difference between longitude and weft diameters is not significant by independent sample t-test.Based on the above results,it is concluded that ramie textiles were wrapped on the surface of the bag for storing bows in the Qin dynasty.It is reasonable

关 键 词：秦始皇兵马俑 弓韬 纺织品残留物 红外光谱分析 显微分析 

分 类 号：K854.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]