应用红外摄影研究木梯寺烟熏壁画  

Investigating and Studying of the Sooty Murals at Mutisi Grottoes With the Infrared Photography

作　　者：张遥 李博 郑宇 马显军 郭宏 ZHANG Yao;LI Bo;ZHENG Yu;MA Xian-jun;GUO Hong(Academy of History of Science Technology and Cultural Heritage,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Guowenyan Conservation Science and Information Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100192,China;Wushan Administration of Culture and Tourism,Tianshui 741300,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [2]北京国文琰信息技术有限公司,北京100192 [3]武山县文体广电和旅游局,甘肃天水741300

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2020年第11期3628-3632,共5页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51850410507)资助。

摘　　要：壁画作为我国最古老的绘画艺术形式之一,是极为重要的文化实物遗存。这种通过图像和色彩表达作者设想、装饰建筑、宣传思想、宗教崇拜的绘画存在于历史生活中的各个层面和角落。因历史上宗教活动、生产生活使用等人为因素干预,多处壁画表面存在烟熏,壁画内容被覆盖,常规方法无法识别绘画内容与风格。国内外至今没有无损且有效的技术手段完全清除烟熏层,致使此类壁画信息无法显现并解读。由于壁画绘制所使用的各类颜料对红外光吸收性存在差异,在红外光源的照射下,各物质形成反差,从而实现区分。利用红外光这种具有"穿透物质表层"的特性,可探测烟熏下壁画内容。红外摄影技术很早便在大型佛教石窟壁画的研究中有所运用,但未能广泛地应用于古代壁画研究,尤其是中小型石窟壁画。应用红外摄影技术对甘肃陇东南的小型石窟代表木梯寺石窟的烟熏壁画进行了研究,清晰识别可见光下无法观察到的画面主题、底稿墨线,甚至修改痕迹等信息,帮助推断壁画绘制年代。获取影像后,通过调整红外摄影图片容差和色阶,进一步获取画面更为丰富的局部细节。此次研究成果弥补了红外摄影技术在中小型石窟烟熏壁画研究领域的缺失,同时可以作为壁画当前保存状况的详细资料,为壁画的保护修复提供帮助。红外摄影作为一种非接触、无损、快速并直观的方法,对于研究古代烟熏壁画有着重要意义,可在石窟寺和寺观殿堂壁画的研究上进行推广,发挥其应有之用。As one of the oldest painting art forms,the mural is an extremely important cultural relic.This kind of painting,which expresses the author’s ideas,decorate buildings,propagates ideas and expresses religious worship through images and colors,exists in every aspect and corner of historical life.Because of the religious activities,production and other human factors intervention in history,there are a large number of sooty murals in grottoes and temples.The contents and styles of murals cannot be identified by conventional methods.We still cannot completely remove the sooty layer on the murals with the effective technical means without any damage,so the study and appreciation of murals are seriously affected.Because of the different absorptivity of all kinds of pigments used in the murals under the infrared light,we can achieve the distinction.Using the property of infrared spectrum which can penetrate the surface of the material,the investigation and study of the sooty murals can be identified clearly.Infrared photography has been used in the study of the murals in large buddhist grottoes for a long time,but it has not been widely used in the study of ancient murals,especially in small-scale and medium-scale grottoes.In this paper,the sooty murals of the MutisiGrottoes which are the representation of small-scale grottoes in the Southeast of Gansu were studied by using infrared photography.It provides important information about the contents of the images,the ink lines of the manuscripts and even the modification marks which cannot be observed in visible light.It is also helpful to infer the date of the painting.The local details can be further obtained by adjusting the tolerance and color levels of the infrared images.This paper makes up for the lack of infrared photography in the study of small-scale and medium-scale grottoes.At the same time,it can also be used as detailed information on the present preservation status of murals,which is helpful for the protection and restoration of murals.Infrared photography

关 键 词：红外摄影 烟熏壁画 木梯寺 绘画技法 

分 类 号：K879.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]