柏林墙倒塌的教训与世界社会主义的希望——读《柏林墙倒塌30周年记》  

Lessons of the Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Future of World Socialism--A Review of“The 30th Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall”

作　　者：李瑞琴[1] Li Ruiqin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2020年第7期19-27,M0004,共10页World Socialism Studies

基　　金：2017年国家社会科学基金重大项目“世界社会主义发展大视野大格局大趋势下的中国特色社会主义研究”(17ZDA004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：东德社会主义失败的内在原因在于长期放松执政党建设,因而导致党的领导软弱无力、党脱离群众、理论工作僵化和不健康政治生态等。以美国为首的西方国家长期对社会主义国家实施和平演变战略,东德处于首当其冲的位置并成为主攻目标,执政党对其所处战略位置及其影响缺乏认识。苏联改革路线与西方和平演变战略不谋而合、遥相呼应的双重压力使东德陷入绝境,戈尔巴乔夫是压垮东德的最大外部因素,柏林墙倒塌后东德党和国家领导人普遍遭到清算。在中国榜样的激励下,社会主义的理想不会从理智人类的意识中消失,社会主义中国的经验是当代世界社会主义发展的新战略。The primary reason for the failure of socialism in the German Democratic Republic is the ruling party's long-term slackening in party building,which led to such problems of the party as weak leadership,separation from the masses,rigid theoretical work and unhealthy political ecology.Western countries headed by the United States have long implemented a strategy of peaceful evolution against socialist countries,and the German Democratic Republic was their main target,but the ruling party lacked awareness of its strategic position and influence.In the meantime,the Soviet Union's reform line echoed the Western strategy of peaceful evolution.These constituted a dual pressure that placed the German Democratic Republic in a desperate situation.Gorbachev was the biggest external factor that crushed the German Democratic Republic.After the fall of the Berlin Wall,East Germany's party and state leaders were widely purged.However,inspired by the Chinese example,the ideal of socialism will not disappear from the consciousness of rational human beings,and the experience of socialist China is a new strategy for the development of contemporary socialism.

关 键 词：柏林墙倒塌 党的领导 东德社会主义 中国特色社会主义 

分 类 号：D26[政治法律—政治学]