缅人的族群文野观及其政治影响——以一个缅甸村落中的仪式生活为中心  

Burmese Ethnic View on Cultivation and its Political Influence——Centered on the Ritual Life in a Burmese Village

作　　者：钟小鑫 蔡芳乐 Xiaoxin Zhong;Fangle Cai

机构地区：[1]云南大学缅甸研究院/周边外交研究中心 [2]云南大学民族学与社会学学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《世界民族》2020年第5期101-111,共11页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“缅甸政治转型中的社会情绪研究”(项目批准号:19CSH036);中国博士后科学基金第65批面上资助项目(项目批准号:2019M653508)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：缅甸是一个多民族聚居的国家,除了作为主体民族的缅族,还有诸多少数民族生活在缅甸境内。在当今缅甸政治转型的过程中,族群政治和民族问题一直是其中的关键性议题。缅人与少数族群的关系时常呈现出紧张状态,政府军与少数民族地方武装之间的冲突不断,这为缅甸的国家稳定及民主化进程造成了不可忽视的消极影响。本文认为,当今缅甸族群政治的困局与“大缅族沙文主义”的盛行密切相关,其在观念层面上主要表现为缅人所持有的一种“族群文野观”,即一种以文明和野蛮来区分自我和他者的观念。通过在一个缅甸村落中长期的田野调查,考察缅人的仪式生活可以发现其族群文野观的基本样貌和内在逻辑,在此基础上,进一步分析缅人族群文野观对当代缅甸族群政治的影响。Myanmar is a multi-ethnic country.In addition to the Burmese people as the major ethnic group,there are also many ethnic minorities living in Myanmar.Ethnic politics and ethnic issues have always been key issues in the current process of political transformation in Myanmar.The relationship between the Burmese and ethnic minorities is often tense,and conflicts between the government forces and the local armed forces of ethnic minorities are constant,which has exerted a negative impact that cannot be ignored on national stability and democratization in Myanmar.This paper argues that the current dilemma of ethnic politics in Myanmar is closely related to the prevalence of"chauvinism of the Greater Myanmar",which is mainly manifested at the conceptual level as an"ethnic view on cultivation"held by the Burmese,a concept that distinguishes the self from the other by civilization and barbarism.The authors of this paper have discovered through a long-term fieldwork in a Myanmar village that the study of the ritual life of the Burmese can reveal the basic appearance and internal logic of the ethnic group's views on civilization and barbarism,based on which the influence of such a Burmese ethnic view over the contemporary ethnic politics in Myanmar can be further analyzed.

关 键 词：缅甸 族群冲突 民族问题 族群文野观 仪式生活 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]