一种减小“S”形试件理论切削误差的方法  

A Method for Reducing Theoretical Cutting Error of“S”Shaped Test Piece

作　　者：陶浩浩[1] 范晋伟[1] 王培桐 TAO Haohao;FAN Jinwei;WANG Peitong(College of Mechanical Engineering&Applied Electronics Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学机械工程与应用电子技术学院,北京100124

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2020年第17期209-215,共7页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51775010,51705011);国家科技重大专项(20192X04006001)资助项目。

摘　　要："S"形试件用于综合检测多轴机床的加工精度,但是由于"S"形试件理论切削误差的存在,导致多轴机床的精度检测产生偏差,因此,提出了一种有效减小理论切削误差的方法。基于双三次均匀B样条曲面模型建立了"S"形试件模型,获得了扭曲角在所选择的三条测量线上的分布规律,同时分析了扭曲角对"S"形试件理论切削误差的影响。此外,通过分析传统单点偏置方法的不足,提出了一种优化的单点偏置方法。基于此方法和CAD/CAM软件生成了"S"形试件的刀具轨迹。最后,通过试验验证了该方法的可行性。试验结果表明,基于优化的单点偏置方法产生的"S"形试件平均理论切削误差比传统的单点偏置方法降低了50.1%。此外,基于优化的单点偏置方法产生的理论切削误差近似小于0.005mm,可以忽略不计。因此,所提出的方法可以有效地避免理论切削误差对多轴机床精度检测结果的干扰。该方法的核心思想可以直接应用到其他类型的检测试件。The"S"shaped test piece is used to comprehensively detect the machining accuracy of multi-axis machine tools.However,the existence of theoretical cutting error of"S"shaped test piece leads to the deviation of accuracy detection for multi-axis machine tools.Therefore,an effective method to reduce the theoretical cutting error is proposed.Firstly,the uniform double cubic B-splines surface model is applied to establish the"S"shaped test piece model.Furthermore,the distribution of twist angle at the selected three section lines is obtained.Meanwhile,the influence of twist angle on theoretical cutting error of"S"shaped test pieces is analyzed.Then,the optimized single-point offset(OSPO)method is proposed based on the single-point offset(SPO)method.Moreover,the tool path of"S"shaped test piece is generated by CAD/CAM software based on the OSPO method.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the experiment.Experiment results show that the average theoretical cutting error of"S"shaped test pieces based on the OSPO method is reduced about 50.1%than the SPO method.In addition,the vast majority of theoretical cutting errors based on the OSPO method are approximately less than 0.005 mm,which can be negligible.It is therefore reasonable to conclude that the proposed method here can avoid the influence of theoretical cutting error on the accuracy detection of multi-axis machine tools efficiently.And its basic idea can be applied to other type of test pieces.

关 键 词：多轴机床 “S”形试件 理论切削误差 扭曲角 优化的单点偏置方法 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]