北京市21种植物的叶片吸水性能与冠层雨水截留能力研究  

Leaf water absorption and canopy rainfall interception of twenty-one plant species in Beijing

作　　者：王思思[1,2] 龙佳 丁涵 Wang Sisi;Long Jia;Ding Han(Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment of Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Future Urban Design,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室,北京100044 [2]北京未来城市设计高精尖创新中心,北京100044

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2020年第9期100-110,共11页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870704)。

摘　　要：【目的】植物冠层截留雨水对削减雨水径流起到重要作用,而植物叶片吸水性能与植物冠层截留雨水的能力息息相关。【方法】为了评估植物冠层对雨水的截留能力,通过浸水实验、实地测量、航片分析等方法,对北京市21种不同类型植物叶片吸水量、冠层截留量和冠层截留体积进行计算。【结果】研究表明:(1)吸水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系;(2)植物叶片吸水过程可划分为3个阶段,乔木和灌木的叶片吸水过程类似,20 min时叶片吸水量均值分别为0.17 g和0.05 g,80 min时叶片吸水量均值分别为0.18 g和0.06 g,120 min时叶片吸水量均值分别为0.18 g和0.06 g;草本植物叶片20 min时叶片吸水量均值为0.13 g,40 min时叶片吸水量均值为0.27 g,120 min时叶片吸水量均值为0.21 g;(3)11种乔木的冠层雨水截留量在71.30~738.72 g/m^2之间,6种灌木的冠层雨水截留量在41.79~275.28 g/m^2之间,4种草本的冠层雨水截留量在57.82~217.49 g/m^2之间,常绿针叶植物冠层截留量明显高于落叶阔叶植物;(4)部分灌木和草本植物冠层截留量比部分乔木冠层截留量高,如黄杨、鸢尾;(5)植物冠层截留体积与冠层覆盖面积、植物冠层截留量呈正相关关系,常绿针叶乔木+常绿灌木+草本搭配组合的冠层截留体积最大;(6)雪松+黄杨+鸢尾群落冠层的多年平均降雨截留量占总降雨量的比例为11.57%,对小降雨事件有显著截留效果。【结论】不同植物种类及配置对城市绿地雨水截留能力有影响,本研究可为构建高截留能力植物群落及海绵城市绿地建设提供参考。[Objective]The rainfall interception by plant canopy plays an important role in reducing stormwater runoff,and the water absorption performance of plant leaves is closely related to the ability of plant canopy to intercept rainfall.[Method]In order to evaluate the interception ability of plant canopy,the leaf water absorption,canopy interception quantity and canopy interception volume of 21 plant species in Beijing were calculated by water immersion experiment,field measurement and aerial image analysis.[Result]Research showed that:(1)the relationship between water absorption and immersion time was logarithmic;(2)the water absorption process of plant leaves can be divided into three stages.The water absorption process of trees and shrubs was similar.The mean water absorption of leaves at 20 min was 0.17 and 0.05 g,respectively;the mean water absorption of leaves at 80 min was 0.18 and 0.06 g,respectively;and the mean water absorption of leaves at 120 min was 0.18 and 0.06 g,respectively.The average water absorption of herb leaves was 0.13 g at 20 min,0.27 g at 40 min,and 0.21 g at 120 min;(3)the canopy rainfall interception of 11 arbor species was between 71.30 and 738.72 g/m^2,and the canopy rainfall interception of 6 shrub species was 41.79-275.28 g/m^2,the canopy rainfall interception of 4 herb species ranged from 57.82 to 217.49 g/m^2,and the canopy interception of evergreen conifers was significantly higher than that of deciduous broadleaved plants;(4)canopy interception of some shrubs and herbs was higher than that of some arbors,such as Buxus sinica and Iris tectorum;(5)the plant canopy interception volume was positively correlated with canopy cover area and plant canopy interception quantity,the evergreen coniferous tree+evergreen shrub+herb combination had the largest canopy interception volume;(6)the ratio of average annual rainfall interception of the Cedrus deodara+Buxus sinica+Iris tectorum community canopy to the total rainfall was 11.57%,which had a significant interception effect on small rainfall

关 键 词：浸水法 叶片吸水量 冠层截留 叶面积指数 北京市 

分 类 号：S731.9[农业科学—林学]