薄壁结构激光焊接随焊高频冲击变形控制  

Distortion Control by In-site High Frequency Peening in Laser Welding of Thin-Walled Structures

作　　者：曹政 姜仁杰 杜伟哲 武强[1] 肖荣诗[1] Cao Zheng;Jiang Renjie;Du Weizhe;Wu Qiang;Xiao Rongshi(High-Power and Ultrafast Laser Manufacturing Laboratory,Institute of Laser Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学激光工程研究院高功率及超快激光先进制造实验室,北京100124

出　　处：《中国激光》2020年第9期80-85,共6页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFB1104803);国家自然科学基金(51775009)。

摘　　要：薄壁密集焊缝结构是航空航天、造船及轨道交通等领域的重要结构形式,光纤激光焊接是该类结构有效、可靠的加工方法。构件变形和尺寸收缩是该类构件密集焊接时面临的两个主要技术难题。采用高频随焊冲击的方法进行相关试验,分析该方法对焊缝形貌、表面应力、焊接变形及尺寸收缩的影响规律。通过搭建专用装置模拟了薄壁密集焊缝结构的焊接,将随焊高频冲击位置设置在熔池后方的高温焊缝区。试验结果表明:针对GH3128高温合金薄板,该方法可将焊缝焊后的纵向残余应力由无冲击时的均值390.9 MPa调整为116.1 MPa,减小了约70%;该方法可将构件垂直于焊缝方向的翘曲变形量降低74.5%,将沿焊缝方向的尺寸收缩降低80%;针对06Cr19Ni10材料的圆筒形薄壁构件的多道焊接试验,随焊高频冲击可将构件的尺寸收缩由无冲击时的0.95 mm减小到0.29 mm。Fiber laser welding is an effective and reliable technology for thin-walled structures with intensive welds, which are important structures in aerospace, ship, and rail traffic, etc. However, welding of such structures is challenging owing to welding deformation and dimensional shrinkage. High-frequency peening was conducted during welding to perform related experiments. Thereafter, the effects of the method on weld morphology, surface stress, welding formation, and dimensional shrinkage were systematically studied. A self-built experimental platform was used to simulate the welding of a thin-walled structure with intensive welds. Further, the optimal peening position was obtained in the high-temperature weld zone in the trailing end of a molten pool. For the GH3128 high-temperature alloy thin plate, the method could adjust the longitudinal residual stress of the weld without peening during welding from the average value of 390.9 MPa to 116.1 MPa, showing a 70% reduction. Moreover, this method could reduce the warpage deformation of the component perpendicular to the weld direction by 74.5% and the dimensional shrinkage along the weld direction by 80%. Moreover, for the multi-pass welding of cylindrical thin-walled 06 Cr19 Ni10, the dimensional shrinkage was reduced from 0.95 mm(without peening) to 0.29 mm(with peening during welding).

关 键 词：激光技术 光纤激光焊接 随焊高频冲击 薄壁结构 尺寸收缩 焊接变形 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]